Qualidade do sono e sonolência diurna em estudantes universitários: prevalência e associação com determinantes sociais

Abstract

Introduction: Changes in the Sleep/Wake Cycle (SWC) of university students can have consequences on physical, mental and social health. In addition, some behaviors adopted at this stage may be associated with SWC impairment. Objective: Therefore, this study aims to identify which factors of social determinants of health (SDH) are associated with poor sleep quality and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in university students. Method: This is a cross-sectional study that included 298 university students, aged between 18 and 35 years; 73.2% of the students were females and from the countryside of the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Data were collected from the following questionnaires: Health and Sleep, Munich Chronotype Questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Epworth Sleepiness Scale. To assess the association of SDH with poor sleep quality and excessive daytime sleepiness, Poisson Regression with robust variance was performed. Result: The prevalence of poor sleep quality and excessive daytime sleepiness among the university students was 79.2% and 51.3%, respectively. Between the intermediate determinants of health, a higher prevalence rate of poor sleep quality was observed in students who reported health problems in the previous month (18.4%), smoked (23.5%), drank stimulating beverages close to bedtime (25.8%) and those who used electronic devices before bedtime during the week (18.4%) when compared to those who did not have these behaviors. Regarding excessive daytime sleepiness, students who justified bedtime during the week and wake-up time at the weekend because of the academic demand showed, respectively, 27% and 34% lower prevalence of EDS than the group that did not have these behaviors. Conclusions: The high prevalence of poor sleep quality and EDS observed among university students was associated to biological factors and most of them, behavioral factors.

Adolescents’ sleep quality during the COVID-19 pandemic

“…Sleep quality is influenced by social factors (such as the type of occupation and housing), biological factors (such as age, sex, chronotype, and health problems), behavioral factors (such as eating habits, physical activities, smoking and drinking habits, and sleep-related routine -which involves academic demands and use of electronic devices before going to bed) 3 . In the context of the pandemic, the emotional factors also stand out, as they are related to uncertainties and social distancing 4 .…”

“…It must be highlighted, though, that digital activity, despite being familiar to this age group, used to be only a facilitating resource in the learning process. A study observed the youth's behavior in social isolation and verified circumstances such as worsened school achievements, increased aggressiveness, distress complaints, psychological suffering, and sleep pattern changes 3 .…”

“…In this context, investigating young students' sleep quality in the period of social distancing helps verify this historical moment's impact on their sleep, making it also possible to propose measures to identify and prevent sleep disorders in this population 3 . This investigation aimed to assess young people's sleep quality during the COVID-19 pandemic.…”

Social Jet Lag, sleep quality and daytime sleepiness in university students: A cross-sectional study

“…Irregular sleep and the discrepancy between bedtimes affect sleep quality and is related to a drop in academic performance (Phillips et al, 2017). Araújo et al (2021), show in their study that the academic tasks of university students directly influence their sleep quality, either because they sleep late or even those who have classes in the morning and are forced to wake up early, causing an imbalance in their sleep schedule on class days.…”

“…Sleep is essential for life and occurs in every individual, the duration of sleep can vary, the recommendation is 7 to 9 hours of sleep per night, and when there is a change in the course of this process, it can cause consequences and damage to health Tomaz, 2017). The poor quality of sleep in university students is significant (Araújo et al, 2021) and that this poor quality of sleep is related to the performance of these academics (Phillips et al, 2017). Current literature demonstrates Research, Society and Development, v. 11, n. 17, e285111739357, 2022 (CC BY 4.0) | ISSN 2525-3409 | DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i17.39357 3 that one of the most accepted ways to change this reality is sleep hygiene, whichconsists of relaxing before going to sleep or avoiding the consumption of caffeine, tobacco, alcohol and drugs (Manfredini et al, 2017).…”