Performance in the Deep Squat Test and musculoskeletal injuries: a systematic review

Abstract

Introduction:The Deep Squat Test has been applied in pre-season evaluations of sports teams and in military courses to predict the risk of musculoskeletal injuries. Objective: To evaluate the association of DS performance and the risk of musculoskeletal injuries. Methods: In this systematic review, a search without language or time filters was carried out in MEDLINE, SciELO, SCOPUS, SPORTDiscuss, CINAHL and BVS databases with the following title words: injury prediction, injury risk and deep squat in December 2016. Participants' profile, sample size, classification of musculoskeletal injuries, follow-up time, study design and results were extracted from the studies. Bias risk analysis was performed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results: Five studies were included, using different analyzes, whose results varied. Odds ratio ranged from 1.21 to 2.59 (95% CI = 1.01 -3.28); relative risk was 1.68 (95% CI = 1.50 -1.87), sensitivity from 3 to 24%, specificity from 90 to 99%, PPV from 42 to 63%, NPV from 72 to 75% and AUC from 51 to 58%. Conclusion: The DS can be a test whose presence of movement dysfunctions is a predictor of the risk of musculoskeletal injuries in individuals who practice physical exercises. However, due to the methodological limitations presented, caution is suggested when interpreting such results. PROSPERO registration: CRD4201706922.Introdução: O Teste de Agachamento Profundo (TAP) tem sido utilizado em avaliações pré-temporada de equipes esportivas e em cursos militares para classificar o risco de lesões musculoesqueléticas. Objetivo: Avaliar a associação do desempenho no TAP e o risco de lesões musculoesqueléticas. Métodos: Nesta revisão sistemática, uma pesquisa sem filtros de linguagem ou de tempo foi realizada nas bases de dados MEDLINE, SciELO, SCOPUS, SPORTDdiscuss, CINAHL e BVS com as seguintes palavras-título: predição de lesões, risco de lesão e agachamento profundo em dezembro de 2016. Perfil dos participantes, tamanho da amostra, classificação das lesões musculoesqueléticas, tempo de seguimento, desenho do estudo e os resultados foram extraídos dos estudos. A análise do risco de viés foi realizada com a Escala Newcastle-Ottawa. Resultados: Foram incluídos cinco estudos, utilizando diferentes análises, cujos resultados variaram. O odds ratio variou de 1,21 a 2,59 (IC 95% = 1,[1][2][3]28); O risco relativo foi de 1,68 (IC 95% = 1,87), sensibilidade de 3 a 24%, especificidade de 90 a 99%, VPP de 42 a 63%, VPN de 72 a 75% e AUC de 51 a 58%. Conclusão: O TAP pode ser um teste cuja presença de disfunções de movimento é um preditor do risco de lesões musculoesqueléticas em indivíduos que praticam exercícios físicos. No entanto, devido às limitações metodológicas apresentadas, sugere-se cautela ao interpretar esses resultados. Registro PROSPERO: CRD4201706922. Palavras-chave:Movimento. Lesões Atléticas. Triagem.

Risk of Single and Multiple Injuries Due to Static Balance and Movement Quality in Physically Active Women

“…The most reliable is the FMS test, which is the tool that is helpful in injury risk prediction in the physically active group [26]. Injury risk assessment is mainly based on the overall score, but some results also suggest the usefulness of a single module test [20,22]. In our study, the IL test predicts injury in the general approach and due to a single injury.…”

“…The difference in our observation may be due to sex and sports group. Moreover, Bunn et al [20] also pointed out that deep squats as a single screening test could be helpful in injury prediction. Deep squats, hurdle steps, and in-line lunges are global movement patterns based on motor control, mobility, and stability [6].…”

“…However, there is a lack of data considering IL results with injury. Deep squat (DS) screening could be considered an injury risk predictor [20]. Hurdle Step (HS) is regarded as associated with physical performance [21], but results provided by Shimoura et al [22] indicated DS and HS as injury risk factors.…”

Soft wearable flexible bioelectronics integrated with an ankle-foot exoskeleton for estimation of metabolic costs and physical effort

“…The US Bureau of Labor Statistics (USBLS) in 2011 reported more than 310,000 cases of musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) in the work environment, despite the decrease in the number, incidence rate, and median days away from work of injuries and illnesses involving MSDs over the years since 2011, it only marks a decrease of 1.5% per year with more than 277,000 musculoskeletal disorders reported on the work environment in 2018. USBLS highlights laborers and freight, stock, and material movers are the most vulnerable class to have musculoskeletal injuries where overexertion from repetitive action involving squatting and lifting creates fatigue in workers causing MSDs 1 . Recent developments of wearable robots show great potential 2,3 in assisting industry workers, and many wearable robots target walking, squatting 4 , and running [5][6][7] by reducing required physical efforts 8 to reduce industrial risks and support post-injury rehabilitation 9,10 .…”