Apoplexy, cerebrovascular disease, and stroke: Historical evolution of terms and definitions

Engelhardt, Eliasz

doi:10.1590/1980-57642016dn11-040016

Cited by 21 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Cerebrovascular disease is one of the 3 major killers of human life and health [ 1 , 2 ]. It has the characteristics of high incidence, disability, mortality, and recurrence rates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Thrombelastography (TEG) in Patients with Acute Cerebral Hemorrhage and Cerebral Infarction

et al. 2018

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BackgroundThe aim of this study was to analyze the changing role of thrombelastography (TEG) by detecting the indexes of TEG in patients with acute cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral infarction, combined with pathogenesis, and to find objective laboratory indexes for the diagnosis and treatment of cerebrovascular diseases.Material/MethodsData from 150 patients were collected, including 69 cases identified as the cerebral infarction group and 81 cases identified as the cerebral hemorrhage group. In addition, 50 healthy adults were selected as a control group. The cerebral hemorrhage group was divided into 3 subgroups according to the amount of bleeding: small hemorrhage group, moderate hemorrhage group, and large hemorrhage group. The diagnosis for each participant was mainly based on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). TEG indexes [R value (coagulation reaction time), K value (coagulation time), Angle (reflecting the formation rate of blood clot and the function of fibrinogen), MA (maximum thrombus amplitude), CI (coagulation index)] were measured by TEG YZ5000 instrument.ResultsThe cerebral infarction group had lower R and K values and higher Angle and CI (P<0.05). The cerebral hemorrhage group had higher K value; the Angle and MA were lower in the moderate hemorrhage group and in the large hemorrhage groups (P<0.05). In the cerebral hemorrhage group, Angle and MA were negatively correlated with the amount of cerebral hemorrhage (r=−0.475, −0.394 respectively, P<0.05), and the K value was positively correlated with the amount of cerebral hemorrhage (r=0.337, P<0.05), while the R value had no significant correlation with the amount of cerebral hemorrhage (r=0.251, P>0.05). R and K values in the cerebral infarction group were significantly lower, while Angle, MA, and CI were significantly higher in the cerebral hemorrhage group.ConclusionsK value, Angle, and MA may be of value in the assessment of the amount of cerebral hemorrhage.

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“…Cerebrovascular disease is one of the 3 major killers of human life and health [ 1 , 2 ]. It has the characteristics of high incidence, disability, mortality, and recurrence rates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Thrombelastography (TEG) in Patients with Acute Cerebral Hemorrhage and Cerebral Infarction

et al. 2018

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“…Research on stroke profitted enormously from this positivistic movement. An increasing number of physicians, some of them specialized in neurology, contributed to the rapidly growing treasure of knowledge [59][60][61][62]. It is impossible to enumerate all the important contributions, but one can at least emphasize some historical trends.…”

Section: The Modern Eramentioning

confidence: 99%

Historic review: select chapters of a history of stroke

Karenberg

2020

Neurol. Res. Pract.

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Background There is no shortage of books, chapters and papers on the history of stroke focusing predominantly on the last 150 years and enumerating endless “milestones”. Instead of adding another article to this body of knowledge, this essay aims at ensuring awareness for the “big picture”, the “grandes routes”, and the “striking breakes” without overloading the reader with too much detail. Results From a medical point of view, the history of stroke consists of two periods: the early era from the beginnings to 1812, and the following period from 1812 up to the present. It is argued that both periods require different methodical approaches, including disparate historiographical perspectives and varying forms of interpretation. In order to fully understand medical writings of the Greco-Roman era (Hippocratic writings, Galenic corpus) on “apoplexy”, a solid knowledge of ancient doctrines concerning health and disease is indispensable. During the Middle Ages, the spiritual perspective can be highlighted by focusing on miracle healing and patron saints. While stroke basically remained a conundrum for many doctors and patients in early modern times (ca. 1500–1800; Platter, Wepfer), the revolutionary perception and definition of the disease as a result of a lesion in the 1810s (Rochoux, Rostan) opened the door to a productive relationship of the upcoming discipline “neurology” with the natural sciences during the nineteenth century and beyond (Virchow et al.). The mostly unwritten history of stroke in the twentieth century should not only include the medical, but also the patient’s and the societal perspective. Conclusion A deeper insight into the recent and distant past will produce better educated strokologists – physicians who are able to put their own work into perspective.

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“…One example of how a word's meaning has changed over time is the term apoplexy. Apoplexy is derived from the ancient Greek term apoplexia meaning 'to strike suddenly' or 'be struck down violently' (Engelhardt, 2017). Until the Modern era, apoplexy was an umbrella term used to describe a number of neurological disorders where a sudden loss of consciousness was experienced.…”

Section: Maximising Returns: Refining the Search Querymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Until the Modern era, apoplexy was an umbrella term used to describe a number of neurological disorders where a sudden loss of consciousness was experienced. As autopsies became more prevalent in the 17th century, apoplexy was successively used to solely describe a stroke and is now rarely used in contemporary medicine (Engelhardt, 2017).…”

Section: Maximising Returns: Refining the Search Querymentioning

confidence: 99%

Risky business? Addressing the challenges of historical methods in the ‘digital age’

2020

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Background: The 'digital age' has led to a renaissance in historical methods. The way in which nurse historians can search, collate and analyse sources has changed exponentially over the past two decades. The mass digitisation of books, newspapers and other documents has resulted in the removal of many longstanding barriers to performing historical research, such as budgetary and access restrictions. Despite these expanded opportunities, the nurse historian now faces new challenges when performing historical research. Aim: This paper aims to stimulate discussion on the risky business of conducting nursing historical research in the 'digital age'. In this paper, we examine the technology-born challenges encountered by nurse historians with the objective of proffering potential solutions to address such issues. Discussion: Three contemporary challenges faced by nurse historians are: not knowing how to contain and articulate online searching; being unable to reduce the number of optical character recognition inaccuracies with digitised archaic sources; and being unsure of how to safely incorporate technological tools into historical analysis. Conclusion: Used correctly, new technologies can augment and strengthen traditional historical methods. Nurse historians need to be mindful that the way in which technologies are used is controlled by the user, rather than the technology itself.

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Apoplexy, cerebrovascular disease, and stroke: Historical evolution of terms and definitions

Cited by 21 publications

References 17 publications

Comparison of Thrombelastography (TEG) in Patients with Acute Cerebral Hemorrhage and Cerebral Infarction

Comparison of Thrombelastography (TEG) in Patients with Acute Cerebral Hemorrhage and Cerebral Infarction

Historic review: select chapters of a history of stroke

Risky business? Addressing the challenges of historical methods in the ‘digital age’

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