Dental fluorosis: prevalence and associated factors in 12-year-old schoolchildren in Goiânia, Goiás

Abstract

ABSTRACT:Objective: To describe the prevalence of dental fluorosis, to investigate its association with individual and contextual variables among 12-year-old schoolchildren, and to determine whether there were changes in the prevalence of this condition from 2003 to 2010. Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from an oral health survey carried out in Goiânia, Goiás, in 2010 (n = 2,075), and secondary data from the files of the local health authority. Clinical data were collected through oral examinations in public and private schools. The dependent variable was the presence of dental fluorosis, assessed using the Dean Index. The independent individual variables were sociodemographic characteristics (the child's gender and race, and the mother's level of schooling) and those related to clinical conditions (caries experience, evaluated using Decayed, Missing, and Filled teeth index; and presence of periodontal calculus and/or bleeding, evaluated using Community Periodontal Index). The contextual variables were linked to the school (type and existence of toothbrushing program) and its geographic location in the city's health districts. The Rao-Scott test was performed, and the percentage difference between the prevalences in the period from 2003 to 2010 was calculated. Results: The prevalence of dental fluorosis in 2010 was 18.7%, being distributed as very mild (11.2%), mild (4.4%), moderate (2.6%), and severe (0.5%). No significant association was found between prevalence of dental fluorosis and the investigated variables. The prevalence of fluorosis increased 230% from 2003 to 2010, and such difference was significant. Conclusions: The prevalence of dental fluorosis was low, predominantly of the very mild degree, has increased over a 7-year period, and was not associated with the individual or contextual factors studied.

Prevalence of dental fluorosis in Mexico 2005-2015: a literature review

“…13 In Brazil, similar tendencies exist, showing an increase of 230% from 2003 to 2010. 32 Prevalence in zones where fluoride in water was optimal or below (<1.5ppmF) ranges between 15.5 to 89.8%, the highest (>80%) were reported in Hidalgo, 29 Oaxaca 27 and Morelos. 22 In these two last states mentioned fluoridated salt distribution is allowed, 33 this should be revised and adjustments performed to avoid an extra source of fluoride in these populations.…”

Fluorosis dental en niños de 12 y 15 años del municipio de Andes Dental fluorosis in children

“…Otros estudios realizados en los últimos años en el país, utilizando también el índice de Dean reportaron altas prevalencias del problema en población en edad escolar (22,23); situación que ha sido también reportada por otros países de la región (24)(25)(26)(27)(28). Así mismo, los resultados publicados recientemente del cuarto estudio Nacional de Salud bucal -ENSAB IV, reportan prevalencias de fluorosis dental de 65% y 56% en los niños de 12 y 15 años; respectivamente (29).…”

Evaluation of Dental Caries and Fluorosis Prevalence of Children in Eskisehir

“…8-12 yaş arası yapılan çocuklarda dental florozis prevalansı Avustralya'da yaklaşık % 25 (üst çene santral kesici dişlerde) 42 , Brezilya'da % 8.53 79 , Meksika'da % 46.9 80 ve % 72.3 81 olarak bildirilmiştir. Brezilya'da 12 yaşındaki çocuklarda dental florozis görülme sıklığı 2010 yılında %18.7 82 iken 2015 yılında %58.9 83 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Literatürde dental florozis görülme sıklığı ile ilgili çalışmalar değerlendirildiğinde farklı yaş gruplarında (5-15 yaş arası) ve farklı ülkelerde yapılan çalışmalarda, dental florozis görülme sıklığının % 1.7-76.8 arasında değiştiği gözlenmektedir.…”

“…Eskişehir'de dental florozis ile ilgili ilk çalışma olan Aksit ve ark. 'nın 46 Çocuklarda dental florozis görülme sıklığı ile cinsiyet arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu gösteren çalışmalar 87,93,94 olduğu gibi herhangi bir ilişki olmadığını söyleyen araştırmalarda 41,[76][77][78][79]81,82,91 mevcuttur. Bardal ve ark.…”