Processing and Characterization of Surface Treated Chicken Eggshell and Calcium Carbonate Particles Filled High-Density Polyethylene Composites

Dweiri, Radwan

doi:10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2021-0078

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In general, composites containing eggshells treated with stearic acid had better tensile strengths than the composites containing calcium carbonate treated with stearic acid. The authors attributed the results to better interfacial adhesion between the filler and the HDPE matrix for stearic acid-coated fillers [33]. In the current study, the trend was similar, such that the stearic acid treated filler composites had a slightly higher tensile strength than the untreated filler composites.…”

Section: Tensile Propertiessupporting

confidence: 70%

“…Analogous to the tensile strength results, the composites containing eggshell treated with stearic acid had enhanced flexural strengths compared to the composites with calcium carbonate-treated stearic acid. The authors believed the improvement in flexural strengths may have been due to the increase in the crystallinity of treated HDPE/eggshell composites compared to the untreated ones [33]. In the current study, the XRD results shown in Figure 1 for stearic acid coated fillers do not provide conclusive evidence for a change of crystallinity in the diffraction peak intensities.…”

Section: Flexural Propertiescontrasting

confidence: 65%

“…The untreated eggshell and untreated limestone composites behaved slightly better than the stearic acid-treated filler composites. A similar study also found the impact strengths were not improved for both eggshells treated with stearic acid and calcium carbonate treated with stearic acid fillers, compared to the untreated composites [33].…”

Section: Charpy Impact Energy Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 70%

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Fabrication and Characterization of Bio-Epoxy Eggshell Composites

2021

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In this study, an innovative composite was fabricated in which the matrix is partially derived from natural sources and the filler from undervalued eggshell waste material. The effect of coating eggshells and mineral limestone with 2 wt.% stearic acid on the mechanical properties of a bio-epoxy matrix was investigated. Eggshells and limestone (untreated and stearic acid-treated) fillers were added to the bio-epoxy matrix in quantities of 5, 10, and 20 wt.% loadings using a solution mixing technique. The CaCO3 content in eggshells was confirmed to be 88 wt.%, and the crystalline phase was found to be calcite. The stearic acid coating did not show any decrease in crystallinity of the fillers. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) displayed changes in the fractured surfaces, which infers the fillers altered the bio-epoxy polymer. The mechanical property results showed enhancements in the composite tensile modulus and flexural modulus compared to the pure bio-epoxy, as expected. In contrast, despite the improvement in the tensile and flexural strengths of the stearic acid-treated fillers, the composite strength values were not higher than those of the unfilled bio-epoxy matrix. The energy absorbed by all composites in Charpy impact tests fell below that of the pure bio-epoxy and decreased with an increase in filler content for both untreated and stearic acid-treated fillers tested at 23 and −40 °C. Statistical analysis of the results was conducted using Statistical Analysis Software (SAS) with ranking based on Tukey’s method. The study identified that the addition of 5, 10, and 20 wt.% in a bio-epoxy matrix may be acceptable provided the end product requires lower tensile and flexural load requirements than those of the pure bio-epoxy. However, filler loadings below 5 wt.% would be a better choice.

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Section: Tensile Propertiessupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Flexural Propertiescontrasting

confidence: 65%

Section: Charpy Impact Energy Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 70%

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Fabrication and Characterization of Bio-Epoxy Eggshell Composites

2021

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“…It is evident that CaCO 3 directly influences the cure characteristics, as the CaCO 3 particles are isotropic, have a small nucleation effect, and interact strongly with polar NBR. [ 10 ] The further increase in T90 was due to the increased weight percentage of wood husk, resulting from the agglomeration in composites.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Wood Husk and CaCO₃ on the Mechanical Properties of Nitrile Butadiene Rubber

Krishna

Sabarinath

Abhishek

et al. 2022

Macromolecular Symposia

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Natural fiber reinforced composites have sparked a lot of research and engineering interest in recent decades because of their low density, high specific strength, low cost, lightweight, recyclability, and biodegradability, earning them the title of green composite. Nitrile rubber‐based composites are generally used as elastomers in many industries due to their applications such as O‐rings, gaskets, oil seals, synthetic leather, automotive transition belts, etc. In the present work, in order to enhance the mechanical properties of nitrile rubber, the fillers like CaCO3 and wood husk in five different proportions are added to the NBR matrix. The curing studies, mechanical measurements, and SEM (scanning electron microscopy) analysis are conducted and it is found that the tensile and tear strength of the mixture with the proportion of CaCO3 with 10% and wood husk with 50% is the best combination compared to nitrile rubber gum sample. The tensile strength of the matrix with proportion CaCO3 10% and wood husk 50% has increased around 86.15% and where the tear strength increased around 80.59% compared to the matrix without fillers. SEM analysis reveals the uniform distribution of fillers in the rubber matrix, which is in accordance with mechanical properties. This is a cost‐effective method that consumes less time and is non‐pollutant as if this study uses natural products such as wood husk as the fillers.

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“…It was also shown that particles of CaCO 3 may act as photodegradable additives to polyethylene. In addition, calcium carbonate was introduced to reinforce the polyethylene matrix and reduce the cost of the material 46 . It may be concluded that mass loss of the TEST 2 sample occurred because of two processes: washing out of the material components, and photodegradation of PE matrix.…”

Section: Chemical Composition Of the Samples Before And After Open-ai...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodegradation in Soil of Commercial Plastic Bags Labelled as “Biodegradable”

et al. 2023

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Biodegradability of five commercial plastic bags labelled as "biodegradable" and two referent materials were studied by a soil test for three months. As a control experiment, for studying abiotic degradation under the climatic impact (ultraviolet, temperature, and moisture) a test in a weatherometer was performed. The changes in bag samples after tests were detected by optical microscopy, Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and tensile testing. It was found that all the bags may be separated into two groups: based on polyesters and based on polyolefins with oxo-additives. The second group demonstrated an ability to oxidation under UV radiation. The content of chalk filler provided a mass loss of the samples under soil and climatic tests due to its washing out. Three samples on the polyester basis filled with starch (the first group) had different compositions (polymers in the matrix were different). They showed a high biodegradability under soil conditions: mass loss was 14-21%, tensile strength decreased by more than 43%, and the surface was covered by the mycelium net. However, according to FTIR-spectroscopy, at the initial stage only starch filler biodegraded intensively, while polymer matrix was stable.

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Processing and Characterization of Surface Treated Chicken Eggshell and Calcium Carbonate Particles Filled High-Density Polyethylene Composites

Cited by 15 publications

References 38 publications

Fabrication and Characterization of Bio-Epoxy Eggshell Composites

Fabrication and Characterization of Bio-Epoxy Eggshell Composites

Influence of Wood Husk and CaCO₃ on the Mechanical Properties of Nitrile Butadiene Rubber

Biodegradation in Soil of Commercial Plastic Bags Labelled as “Biodegradable”

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Processing and Characterization of Surface Treated Chicken Eggshell and Calcium Carbonate Particles Filled High-Density Polyethylene Composites

Cited by 15 publications

References 38 publications

Fabrication and Characterization of Bio-Epoxy Eggshell Composites

Fabrication and Characterization of Bio-Epoxy Eggshell Composites

Influence of Wood Husk and CaCO3 on the Mechanical Properties of Nitrile Butadiene Rubber

Biodegradation in Soil of Commercial Plastic Bags Labelled as “Biodegradable”

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Product

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Influence of Wood Husk and CaCO₃ on the Mechanical Properties of Nitrile Butadiene Rubber