Analysis of Milling Efficiency of the Vanadis® 8 Tool Steel with Additions of Vanadium and Molybdenum Carbides

Abstract

The Vanadis ® 8 is a tool steel used in the manufacture of dies, punches and tools. It has a high carbon content combined with chromium, molybdenum and vanadium, and presents good performance in its mechanical properties. Usually, its chips obtained by machining are sold to companies that use remelting. However, this technique is considered expensive and harmful to the environment. Therefore, this work aimed to analyze the efficiency of the addition of vanadium carbide (VC) and molybdenum carbide (Mo 2 C) in the high energy ball milling of the Vanadis ® 8 steel. Microstructural analysis were performed in the pure steel and with 3% of VC and Mo 2 C additions. The milling parameters used were: speed of 350 rpm, ball-to-powder weight ratio of 15:1 and times of 4, 8 and 12 hours. The results indicated that the Vanadis ® 8 steel milled with VC presented the best microstructural results in all of the conducted tests.

Effect of the stacking order, annealing temperature and atmosphere on crystal phase and optical properties of Cu2SnS3

“…The crystalline phases percentages were determined from GIXRD patterns. Crystallinity can be estimated by subtracting the sum of the crystalline peaks areas from the total area of the diffraction pattern 50 . Figure 3 exhibits the results obtained using this method, for the two stacks annealed in S and Sn + S atmospheres.…”

“…These confusions concern mainly the modes at 351 cm −1 that was attributed either to CTS c 27 or to CTS t 55 – 57 , and at 352 cm −1 assigned to CTS m 19 , 26 , 29 , 49 , 57 , 58 or to CTS t structure 59 . Also, the peak located at 354 cm −1 was identified belonging to monoclinic structure of the CTS phase 50 , 54 , 60 , 61 , while Raadik et al described this mode as a signature of CTS c 30 . Moreover, Oliva et al assigned the peak at 356 cm −1 to CTS t phase 26 , while Fernandes et al stated that it belongs to the CTS c structure 59 .…”

“…Moreover, Oliva et al assigned the peak at 356 cm −1 to CTS t phase 26 , while Fernandes et al stated that it belongs to the CTS c structure 59 . On the other hand, the peak between 292 and 295 cm −1 was assigned to Cu 2 SnS 3 by some authors 50 , 60 , while others attributed it to the Cu 3 SnS 4 phase 62 , 63 . The same observation can be made for the peaks in the Raman shift 370–374 cm −1 identified as CTS m 29 , 30 , 49 , while other studies stated it is characteristic of the Cu 2 Sn 3 S 7 phase 58 , 64 .…”

Solid State Recycling of Vanadis®8 Steel Scraps Using Powder Metallurgy

“…Vanadis 8, commercially available as plates and billets, undergoes annealing and subsequent heat treatment to achieve desired hardness and microstructural characteristics. It is likely that Barbedo et al 27 and Toboła and Łętocha 28 offer additional insights into the processes of heat treatment and the resulting microstructures of Vanadis ® 8 steel.…”

Manufacturing of AA7075 Aluminum Alloy Composites Reinforced by Nanosized Particles of SiC, TiN, and ZnO by High-Energy Ball Milling and Hot Extrusion

“…Nanostructured metallic matrix composites usually combine the ductility of the metal (matrix) with ceramic particles (reinforcements) to enhance the mechanical properties to values found in the material of responsibilities 2 . For example, the aluminum alloy matrix can promote characteristic properties of high strength stiffness to weight ratio, good formability, corrosion resistance, and recycling potential, making it the ideal candidate to replace heavier materials like steel or copper in other applications.…”