Cross-Linked Density Determination of Natural Rubber Compounds by Different Analytical Techniques

Hiranobe, Carlos Toshiyuki; Ribeiro, Gustavo de Mello Sá Carvalho; Torres, Giovanni Barrera; Reis, Elton Aparecido Prado dos; Cabrera, Flávio Camargo; Job, Aldo Eloízo; Paim, Leonardo Lataro; Santos, Renivaldo José dos

doi:10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2021-0041

Cited by 32 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…Table 5 shows the elastomeric compounds with biochar presented the lowest values of minimum torque (M L ), evidencing a less irregular final structure of the filler concerning the compounds with carbon black, generating less occlusion of the rubber in the filler, indicated by the low viscosity 36 . The compounds with BIO400 showed a higher ΔM than the BIO900 ones, regardless of the elastomer, indicative of the density of crosslinks.…”

Section: Rheometric Characterization Of Elastomeric Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This might be due to the better of biochar with the elastomer, as biochar has a higher oxygen content (due to volatiles) and interacts better with polar elastomers. Although carbon black present lower interactions with the elastomer, the structural complexity formed along its aggregates works favourly, decreasing the polymer chains mobility and increasing the hardness of the compound 35,36 .…”

Section: Mechanical Characterization Of Elastomeric Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Biochar Production Temperature in Interaction with Elastomers of Different Polarities

et al. 2023

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The present work is to study the production and characterization of biochar produced at two different temperatures (400 and 900 °C) and its influence on the interaction of biochar with elastomers of different polarity, aiming at the replacement of carbon black in elastomer compounds, based on the rheometric, physical, chemical and mechanical properties. The biochar production temperature of 900 ºC affected the optimum vulcanization time (t 90 ), with compounds containing NR and NBR having the shortest vulcanization times because temperatures above 400 ºC produce an alkaline biochar that accelerates vulcanization. The biochar interacted with the two elastomers, being superior to NBR due to the oxygen concentration. Therefore, the blends with biochar showed a demonstrated reinforcement of the tensile strength, even if the biochar had a surface area of 3 m 2 .g -1 for the observed irregular surface, in addition to the mechanical properties, analogous to the blends with carbon black.

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Section: Rheometric Characterization Of Elastomeric Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanical Characterization Of Elastomeric Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Biochar Production Temperature in Interaction with Elastomers of Different Polarities

et al. 2023

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“…MH merepresentasikan ikatan silang maksimum yang terbentuk selama vulkanisasi [7] . ML merupakan indikator viskositas kompon serta memberikan informasi terkait kemampuan proses dari kompon [20] . (MH-ML) atau delta torsi secara tidak langsung terkait dengan kerapatan ikatan silang total dari sebuah kompon karet [7] .…”

Section: Hasil Dan Diskusi Karakteristik Sifat Pematangan Kompon Karetunclassified

Kajian Penggunaan Carbon Black N990 sebagai Bahan Pengisi Kompon Karet Alam: Sifat Dinamik, Kestabilan Termal, dan Ketahanan Panas

Sugita¹

2023

J.Ris.Kim.

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The manufacture of vibration damping material from natural rubber (NR) required an increase in dynamic properties, thermal stability, and resistance to heat. Using the Carbon Black N990 as a filler in NR vulcanizates can potentially increase on these properties. This research aims to study the effect of using Carbon Black N990 on dynamic properties, thermal stability, and aging resistance to heat in NR vulcanizates. The dynamic properties of NR vulcanizates were determined by Rubber Process Analyzer (RPA), while the thermal stability properties were studied by TGA, and heat resistance was determined by the thermal aging test. The RPA test results showed that adding 50 phr Carbon Black N990 in the NR compound could increase the value of the complex shear modulus to 65%. Furthermore, the results of the TGA test showed that the thermal stability properties of unfilled NR vulcanizates were better than that of NR vulcanizates containing Carbon Black N990. Unfilled NR vulcanizates were heat stable up to 353oC, while NR vulcanizates containing 15, 30, and 50 parts per hundred rubber (phr) Carbon Black N990, respectively, were heat stable up to 348.1oC, 348oC, and 349oC. Based on the requirements of ISO 4632-1, it showed that the NR compound containing Carbon Black N990 has good heat resistance properties. The NR compound formula contains 30 phr Carbon Black N990 showing good dynamic properties and heat resistance in accordance with EN 15129 requirements so that it has the potential to be used as a vibration damping material for earthquake-resistant structures.

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“…To further understand the effects of wash/centrifugation cycles on natural network chain density, the crosslink density (ν) and the molecular weight between crosslinks (M c ) of not vulcanized DPNRs were determined. The ν was estimated by using the following equation [12]:…”

Section: Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (Dma)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Centrifugation Cycles of Natural Rubber Latex on Final Properties of Uncrosslinked Deproteinized Natural Rubber

et al. 2022

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Natural rubber latex (NRL) is a polymer (blend) extracted from the milky sap of para rubber trees. Due to being a natural biopolymer, NRL contains various proteins that may be allergenic to humans when in skin contact. Attempts have been made to use deproteinized natural rubber (DPNR) instead of impure NRL, and the final properties of these two types of rubber tend to differ. Thus, the correlations between their chemistry and properties are of focal interest in this work. DPNR was prepared by incubating NRL with urea, followed by aqueous washing/centrifugation. The physical, mechanical, and dynamic properties of incubated NRL before and after washing/centrifugation were examined to distinguish its influences from those of incubation with urea. According to the findings, the proteins, phospholipids, and chain entanglements were responsible for natural polymer networks formed in the NR. Although the proteins were largely removed from the latex by incubation, the properties of high ammonia natural rubber (HANR) were still maintained in its DPNR form, showing that other network linkages dominated over those contributed by the proteins. In the incubated latex, the naturally occurring linkages were consistently reduced with the number of wash cycles.

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Cross-Linked Density Determination of Natural Rubber Compounds by Different Analytical Techniques

Cited by 32 publications

References 54 publications

Evaluation of Biochar Production Temperature in Interaction with Elastomers of Different Polarities

Evaluation of Biochar Production Temperature in Interaction with Elastomers of Different Polarities

Kajian Penggunaan Carbon Black N990 sebagai Bahan Pengisi Kompon Karet Alam: Sifat Dinamik, Kestabilan Termal, dan Ketahanan Panas

Influence of Centrifugation Cycles of Natural Rubber Latex on Final Properties of Uncrosslinked Deproteinized Natural Rubber

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