Submerged Friction Stir Welding of 6061-T6 Aluminium Alloy under Different Water Heads

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to determine the feasibility of submerged friction stir welding of 6061-T6 aluminium alloy on different water heads through macrostructuralanalysis.In this work, aluminium 6061-T6 alloy was friction stir welded under normal and submerged conditions at different rotational speeds of 400 rpm, 800 rpm, 1200 rpm, 1600 rpm. The water head was varied from 10 to 30 mm in the case of thesubmerged friction stir welding process. In both normal and submerged friction stir welding processes, a welding speed of 45 mm/min, a normal load of 30 kN, tool tilt angle of 2˚, depth of tool penetration and tool geometry were kept constant. Torque is measured during the welding process, and power (kW) is calculated after the welding process. The macrostructural analysis was carried out for locating defect formation and identifying the feasible working range of process parameters of the welded aluminium 6061-T6 alloy. The mechanical properties such as ultimate tensile strength and microhardness of submerged friction stir welded of 6061 aluminium alloys were investigated.Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) metallography was used for comparing the microstructure of the parent material, friction stir welded and submerged stir welded samples.

The Influence of Multiple Pass Submerged Friction Stir Processing on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of the FSWed AA6082-AA8011 Joints

“…The increase in the tensile strength and percentage elongation correlates with the microstructural grain sizes. Similar studies where the application of submerged multiple pass SFSP increased UTS were reported in the literature [23,[35][36][37].…”

“…The fourth SFSPed pass resulted in a very fine homogeneous grain structure. Similar work including the application of multiple pass SFSP was reported in the literature [34][35][36].…”

Thermal Cycling, Microstructure, and Mechanical Properties of Al-Mg-Si-Cu Alloy Bobbin Tool Friction Stir Welded Joints Based on Thermal Index

“…In the role of higher rotation speed and traverse speed, the weld center temperature may reach the solid solution temperature of aluminum alloy, so that the Mg 2 Si reinforcing term particles dissolved in the α-Al matrix and the nucleation effect on the grain boundaries is weakened, resulting in abnormal grain growth in the welding process. According to the research of Rathinasuriyan et al [26], excessive welding heat input in friction stir welding leads to turbulent flow in the weld fusion zone, thus promoting the formation of defects. Figure 11 shows different rotation speeds and traverse speeds under the influence of grain boundary content.…”

Pengaruh Variasi Diameter Tool Pin Pada Friction Stir Welding Terhadap Sifat Mekanik Dan Struktur Mikro Sambungan Aluminium 6061-T6

“…Gambar 7 menunjukan perbandingan besar daerah lasan berdasarkan perbedaan besar diameter pin pada tool, dimana semakin besar diameter pin maka akan semakin besar pula daerah lasan. Penelitian ini juga menujukkan struktur makro akibat pengadukan logam yang berbentuk onion ring seperti pada penelitian R. Chandran [20]. Semakin besar diameter pin pada tool maka daerah lasan akan semakin besar.…”