Influence of ZnO and TiO2 Particle Sizes in the Mechanical and Dielectric Properties of Vulcanized Rubber

González, Neudys; Custal, Maria del Àngels; Rodríguez, Daniel; Riba, Jordi-Roger; Armelín, Elaine

doi:10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2017-0178

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…From the FTIR scans in Figure 2c, the peak at 2721 and 1659 cm −1 can be attributed to the stretching and bending vibrations of the C−H groups in the NR, respectively. 38,39 It can be observed that after curing (NR cured), the intensities of the peaks are reduced. Upon addition of CNC, the peaks are seen to progressively reduce with increasing CNC concentration.…”

Section: Proton-nuclear Magnetic Resonance (H Nmr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic Cross-linking and Reinforcing Enhancement of Rubber Latex with Cellulose Nanocrystals for Glove Applications

Blanchard

Ogunsona

Hojabr

et al. 2020

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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The effect of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) on the reinforcing, cross-linking, and solvent barrier properties of lightly cross-linked natural rubber (NR) latex films for dipped goods applications were investigated. Predispersed CNCs, activating, and curing agents were mixed with natural rubber latex and allowed to mature for 2 h. Films were then prepared from the matured latex via dipping and solvent casting processes. The incorporation of CNCs in the NR latex led to remarkable improvement in tensile strength and modulus with progressively thinner films. An increase in the cross-linking density of the rubber films were observed as a result of the incorporation of CNCs, which was observed from proton nuclear magnetic resonance analysis, and toluene swelling studies. This was likely attributed to an enhanced dispersion of the zinc oxide (ZnO) used as a cross-linking activator as observed from electron dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). A possible mechanism for the improved dispersion of ZnO in the latex in the presence of CNCs was the formation of Zn–CNC complexes. Higher cross-linking densities also led to lower water absorption over a prolonged time period. The nanocomposite thin films showed low permeability to a nonpolar solvent vapor, such as tetrahydrofuran (THF), but increased permeability to water vapor. A practical application of the observed barrier properties in dipped rubber goods could be in gloves, where permeation of perspiration from hands, is allowed while preventing the passage of nonpolar solvents.

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Section: Proton-nuclear Magnetic Resonance (H Nmr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic Cross-linking and Reinforcing Enhancement of Rubber Latex with Cellulose Nanocrystals for Glove Applications

Blanchard

Ogunsona

Hojabr

et al. 2020

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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“…Which helps to improve the specifications to meet specific application [2,3], because the contact area is greater between the inorganic filler and the matrix material, may get better results. The decrease of filler particle size may be a vital for manufacturing the big contact space and reduction the swelling rate [4]. Also, the reduction in particle size results in a lot of industrial application of rubber "nanocomposites" (RNC) and also the dispersion of nanofiller in polymer matrix additional larger than dispersion of standard fillers , like "one-nanosize fillers (layered silicate)", "two-nanosize fillers (carbon nanotube)", "three-nano size fillers" (nanoparticles of metallic oxides or minerals) [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effecting of Physical Properties of Inorganic Fillers on Swelling Rate of Rubber Compound: A review Study

Habeeb¹,

Alobad²,

Albozahid³

2019

JUBES

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The purpose of preparing the review manuscript is to highlight the importance of the physical specifications of the most important of inorganic fillers such as "carbon black" and "silica" that have good physical specifications as surface area, particle size distribution and surface chemistry. Moreover, study the effect of these specifications on the resistance of vulcanized rubber compound for swelling, which is one of the disadvantages to determine the expansion of its uses in industrial applications through the review of many types of research in this area. The results proved that there is a strong relationship between the curing characteristics of the rubber compound such as the time of curing, the scorch time in addition to the "curing rate index' (CRI) and mechanical properties especially the tensile strength and "density of cross-links" for reducing the swelling rate to the minimum. By increasing the "density of cross-links" and improve the specifications of vulcanization and mechanical specifications.

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“…[ 12 ] Therefore, decreasing the amount of ZnO, enhancing the dispersion of ZnO particles and developing new and efficient curing activators with low environmental pollution and high activity have triggered great research interest in recent years. Ultrasonic dispersion, [ 13 ] airflow crushing [ 14,15 ] and capping [ 16 ] can prevent ZnO particles from forming large aggregates and effectively improve the dispersion degree and utilization rate. However, it is still challenging to disperse polar ZnO nanoparticles homogeneously in a nonpolar rubber matrix due to the huge differences in polarity, even after modification with silane coupling agents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low heat generation from organic zinc as a curing activator in rubber and rubber composites under large strain

Wang

Shan

et al. 2021

Nano Select

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ZnO is a conventional activator in sulfur curing systems, but its excessive release can cause adverse effects to the human body and the environment. Using organic zinc instead of zinc oxide not only decreases the amount of zinc but also disperses the zinc into the natural rubber (NR) matrix more effectively. The results showed that the six organic zinc compounds accelerated the curing process and weakened the Payne effect compared to those with ZnO. Dynamic frequency scan tests of the vulcanizates in linear (small strain) and nonlinear (large strain) viscoelastic regions were performed. Different from that at small strain, there was a great change in the storage modulus, loss modulus and loss factor at large strain. For unfilled NR, the systems with zinc oleate, zinc 2-ethylhexanoate and zinc acetate as activators showed a weaker Payne effect and low heat generation because of the homogeneous dispersion. For NR/CB (carbon black) composites, the systems with zinc acetate, zinc o-glycerol and zinc 2-ethylhexanoate showed a weaker Payne effect and low heat generation at large strain and high frequency due to the homogeneous dispersion and the strong interaction with CB particles. These results will help to clarify the advantages of organic zinc instead of zinc oxide in reducing heat generation for rubber products.

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Influence of ZnO and TiO2 Particle Sizes in the Mechanical and Dielectric Properties of Vulcanized Rubber

Cited by 20 publications

References 20 publications

Synergistic Cross-linking and Reinforcing Enhancement of Rubber Latex with Cellulose Nanocrystals for Glove Applications

Synergistic Cross-linking and Reinforcing Enhancement of Rubber Latex with Cellulose Nanocrystals for Glove Applications

The Effecting of Physical Properties of Inorganic Fillers on Swelling Rate of Rubber Compound: A review Study

Low heat generation from organic zinc as a curing activator in rubber and rubber composites under large strain

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