Residual Stress, Microstructure and Hardness of Thin-Walled Low-Carbon Steel Pipes Welded Manually

Silva, Cleiton Carvalho; Assis, Joaquim T. de; Philippov, S. A.; Farias, Jesualdo Pereira

doi:10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2016-0217

Cited by 25 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…A high magnitude of compressive stresses with a peak of about 270MPa is reported in the WZ of the joint with activated flux [26]. The phenomenon of residual stress in the pipe-joint of P91 steel may be attributed to the tourniquet effect due to the shrinkage in circumferential region while the development of residual stresses in the butt welded plates does not exhibit the same effect due to the dissimilarities in the nature of joint and the same is elaborated later in section 4.4 [27] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…However, a diminishing nature of compressive stresses followed by a high tensile stress is observed in HAZ whilst a nonlinear decreasing trend in hardness is noted in the same region. The effect of grain coarsening and refinement have a major contribution to influence the hardness profile in HAZ [14,27]. The presence of tensile stresses in the ICHAZ comprising of low hardness values and type-IV failure through creep rupture are correlated with the viewpoint of accelerated deterioration of creep behavior through the initiation of creep-cavity in the affected region [36].…”

Section: Correlation Among Microstructure Residual Stress and Hardnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of Microstructural Changes on Residual Stress Characteristics and Macro-Hardness of Submerged Arc Welded P-91 Steel Plates

et al. 2021

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In this study, the submerged arc welded butt joint of P-91 ferritic-martensitic alloy steel plates has been chosen to examine the influence of microstructural changes on welding residual stress characteristics and macrohardness in the weldment with two different heat input 2497.5 J/mm & 2040J/mm respectively. The stress magnitudes at a different location on the welded specimen are measured by X-ray diffraction technique at the postweld heat-treated condition. Compressive stresses are observed in the weld zone (WZ) and tensile stresses are detected at the boundary of the heat-affected zone (HAZ) near the weld zone. Higher compressive stresses are found in the weld zone of both the specimens where maximum hardness values are observed. Different grain matrix in the microstructure contributes significantly towards the quality of weldment. Residual stress, as well as the hardness of weldment, is found to be influenced by the martensite phase transformation and dissolution of precipitates. A modeling concept is presented for dimensional analysis of martensite structure. Energy dispersive X-ray indicates the distribution of carbides at the grain boundaries. Optical micrograph substantiates the presence of δ-ferrite in the WZ.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Correlation Among Microstructure Residual Stress and Hardnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Microstructural Changes on Residual Stress Characteristics and Macro-Hardness of Submerged Arc Welded P-91 Steel Plates

et al. 2021

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“…The last area is the subcritical heat-affected zone (SCHAZ) [20], whose microstructure is mainly characterized by band-shaped ferrite and pearlite with uniform sizes, as presented in Fig. 7f.…”

Section: Microstructurementioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical performance and microstructural characteristic of gas metal arc welded A606 weathering steel joints

Zhao

Bezgans

Vdonin

et al. 2021

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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This investigation aims to make clear the relationships among geometric features, macrostructures, microstructures, and mechanical performances of the weld bead in the gas metal arc welding (GMAW) process for ASTM A606 type IV weathering steel. The results indicate that with the increase of welding heat input, the geometry of the top reinforcement and penetration increases proportionally until reaching the peak value, and then declines with the further increase of welding heat input; while the values of bottom reinforcement increase continuously with the increase of welding heat input. The average ultimate tensile strength (F), maximum displacement (L), and failure energy (E) of the welded joint produced by the moderate welding heat input are 10.27 kN, 1.88 mm, and 13.55 J, respectively, which are obviously larger than those obtained by the insufficient welding heat input (F: 8.33 kN, L: 1.20 mm, and E: 7.10 J). Although the mechanical properties of the welds achieved by the overlarge welding heat inputs present comparable levels (F: 9.73 kN, L: 1.86 mm, and E: 13.51 J), their standard deviation is much higher. Acicular ferrite, grain boundary ferrite, side plate ferrite, Widmanstätten ferrite, and pearlite are noticed in the fusion zone (FZ), while the coarse grain heat-affected zone (CGHAZ) is composed of upper and lower bainite, grain boundary ferrite, Widmanstӓtten ferrite, polygonal ferrite, and pearlite. As the welding heat input increases, the pre-austenite grain width in the FZ and CGHAZ decreases. The descending order of the microhardness distributed in the welded joints is fusion line, CGHAZ, FZ, fine grain heat-affected zone (FGHAZ), and base metal. In addition, the microhardness values of FZ and CGHAZ decline with the rise of the welding heat input. Nonetheless, no apparent links are found between the microhardness levels of the FGHAZ and welding heat input.

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“…High thermal gradients were experienced during the Butt welding procedure leading to residual stress and discrepancy in hardness. [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] Because of the high concentration of thermal stress in the clad, the presence of residual stresses usually affects the inherent resistance to corrosion and fatigue cracks. To improve the mechanical properties of the clad/base metal interface, as well as reduce the residual stresses generated, post heat treatments are carried out.…”

Section: ) Vickers Hardness Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residual Stress Simulations of Girth Welding in Subsea Pipelines

Kogo

Wang

Wrobel

et al. 2018

Transactions on Engineering Technologies

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Abstract-This research focuses on simulation of the dissimilar materials' welding, stainless steel and mild steel, using finite element and experiment to enhance the method and better understand the transient temperature profiles and the stress distribution in a cladded pipe. The microstructural come as fenestrated and the computer results show that the temperature distribution in the modelled pipe is a function of the thermal conductivity of each weld metal as well as the distance away from the heat source.Index Terms-Transient temperature response, dissimilar material joint, girth weld, microstructure I. INTRODUCTIONT is known that the welding of cylindrical objects is complex and poses a source of concern in manufacturing processes. There are several benefits of welding as a joining technology which includes cost effectiveness, flexibility in design, enhanced structural integrity, and composite weight reduction. However, thermal stresses are usually initiated on the weld and the base metal [1][2][3][4][5]. Poorly welded joints result in leakages, pipe failures and bursts, which lead to possible environmental hazards, loss of lives and properties. Welding of dissimilar materials is carried out in-house using Gas Metal Arc Weld (GMAW), and a finite element analysis (FEA) on pipe models having different clad thicknesses of 2mm and 12mm, respectively, and the temperature versus distance profile obtained. The 12mm cladded pipe results are discussed in this paper.The process of carrying out welding using an arc weld entails melting down the base metal and, in this research, it also involves melting down the clad metal. In the course of carrying out the welding, filler metals are also melted such that the solution formed by heating up all these materials and holding them at that range of temperature long enough permits the diffusion of constituents into the molten solution; this is followed by cooling down rapidly in order to maintain these constituents within the solution. The result of this procedure generates a metallurgical structure positioning insitu the material which supplies superior tensile strength. The bulk of the material immediately after the fusion zone (FZ), which has its characteristics altered by the weld, is termed Heat Affected Zone (HAZ). The volume of material within the HAZ undergoes considerable change which could be Manuscript

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Residual Stress, Microstructure and Hardness of Thin-Walled Low-Carbon Steel Pipes Welded Manually

Cited by 25 publications

References 40 publications

Influence of Microstructural Changes on Residual Stress Characteristics and Macro-Hardness of Submerged Arc Welded P-91 Steel Plates

Influence of Microstructural Changes on Residual Stress Characteristics and Macro-Hardness of Submerged Arc Welded P-91 Steel Plates

Mechanical performance and microstructural characteristic of gas metal arc welded A606 weathering steel joints

Residual Stress Simulations of Girth Welding in Subsea Pipelines

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