O debate sobre aborto na Câmara dos Deputados (1991-2014): posições e vozes das mulheres parlamentares

Abstract

Este artigo analisa os discursos sobre aborto proferidos pelas mulheres parlamentares na Câmara dos Deputados, entre 1991 e 2014. Tem como foco o estudo das posições dessas parlamentares nesse debate, com destaque para as mais ativas. A análise expõe quais argumentos as deputadas mobilizaram em defesa de suas posições e relaciona a atuação no debate sobre aborto a suas trajetórias, considerando o vínculo com religiões organizadas. O debate é situado no contexto das disputas entre movimentos feministas e grupos religiosos, no âmbito do Executivo e do Legislativo, o que permite perceber as reações a projetos de lei e normas técnicas apresentados no período.

Religious Patterns of Neoconservatism in Latin America

“…The term “neoconservatism” has been adopted in recent studies with the purpose of not only revealing the conservative ideology behind emerging conflicts, but also shedding light on the types of political coalitions among different actors—religious and nonreligious—that want to maintain the region's patriarchal social order and its capitalist economy. In the case of conservative Christians, Evangelicals in particular, some authors explore elective similarities between their movements and neoliberal politics in Latin American countries (Lacerda 2019; Mariano and Biroli 2017).…”

Blocking anti-choice conservatives: feminist institutional networks in Mexico and Brazil (2000–2018)

“…Second, the Ministry of Health established guidelines for legal abortion, and two Ministers of Health defended abortion as a public health issue (Humberto Costa in 2005 and José Gomes Temporão in 2007). Finally, after involving civil society at different territorial levels, the III Human Rights National Plan (2009) recommended that the legislature deal with abortion, in terms of women's autonomy (Lacerda 2018;Mariano and Biroli 2017).…”

“…The PT's candidate, former chief of staff Dilma Rousseff, had to step back from various political positions in order to win the support of Evangelical Christian politicians, who had increased their representation in the National Congress during the previous two legislatures from 71 to 92 deputies. The struggle continued, and Evangelical and Catholic leaders argued against abortion even in legally recognized cases (Mariano and Biroli 2017). Attention shifted from abortion to sexual rights, as a growing campaign emerged to negate the term "gender" and condemn "homosexuality" and LGBT+ bills (Lacerda 2018).…”

“…The feminist blocking network acted with an articulated advocacy strategy within the National Congress, disputing the policy content (Amenta et al 2010) in three specific ways. First, although women did not make up more than 10 percent of the deputies in parliament, proportionally, they spoke more favorably about abortion (40 percent of the speeches) than men (Mariano and Biroli 2017). Associated with activists from the executive, they put pressure on the federal government to demand support from party leaders belonging to the governmental coalition to block conservative proposals.…”