A relação entre o envelhecimento e a habilidade de escuta dicótica em indivíduos com mais de 50 anos

Abstract

A relação entre o envelhecimento e a habilidade de escuta dicótica em indivíduos com mais de 50 anosThe relationship between aging and dichotic listening ability in individuals aged over 50 years ResumoObjetivo: estudar a habilidade de escuta dicótica de um grupo de indivíduos com mais de 50 anos e verificar as relações entre processamento auditivo, envelhecimento e perda auditiva. Método: foram avaliados 40 indivíduos na faixa etária de 50 a 83 anos, subdivididos em Grupo A (normo-ouvintes), grupo B (indivíduos com audição normal para idade) e grupo C (indiví-duos com perda auditiva). Realizaram-se os seguintes procedimentos: anamnese, inspeção otológica, exames audiológicos e avaliação do processamento auditivo por meio da aplicação dos testes dicóticos de dissílabos alternados e dígitos. Resultados: verificou-se um transtorno do processamento auditivo em todos os grupos avaliados; o grau de alteração foi mais importante no grupo C; em todos os grupos, a habilidade auditiva mais afetada foi a de atenção seletiva. Conclusão: observou-se que o avanço da idade é um fator predisponente para alterações do processamento auditivo, em especial para a escuta dicótica, sendo que este pode, ainda, receber influência de perdas auditivas periféricas. AbstractObjective: To study the dichotic listening ability of a group of individuals over 50 years old and to verify the relationship between auditory processing, aging and hearing loss. Method: 40 individuals aged from 50 to 83 years were evaluated, subdivided into group A (normal listeners), group B (individuals with normal audition for their age) and group C (individuals with hearing loss). The following procedures were performed: anamnesis, otological Universidade Tuiuti do Paraná. Curitiba, PR, Brasil

Teste de fala comprimida em idosos

“…This is why younger individuals present better speech recognition. Aging interferes in the identification of degraded speech, even when the individual does not present hearing loss (25) . This behavior was also observed within the group of elderly in this study.…”

“…The incorrect answers of the elderly may be associated with coarticulation, which produces overlapping segments of speech with consequent difficulty to reach the phonemic target (14) . It is also known that, from the age of 60, degenerative processes of normal aging arise and decrease the intelligibility of speech, especially when speech becomes faster or is spoken in another language (25) .…”

Interferência binaural no processo de seleção e adaptação de próteses auditivas: revisão sistemática

“…A research performed to evaluate the speech recognition in noise between adults and elderly people without hearing loss demonstrated that the elderly people required more auditory cognitive and processing resources to understand speech in noise 32 . The preference and the benefit reported with one or two hearing aids are not related to the level of technology of the hearing aids [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] . Neither the age is limit factor to obtain benefits with digital technology 33 .…”

“…In a research performed with 100 patients, using the dichotic digit test, those who presented results with three pattern deviations under the average, showed interest in unilateral aids 26 . It may be justified, because as the hearing loss increases, the degree of alteration in auditory processing also increases 21 . In another study with 28 elderly people, with symmetric sensorial hearing loss, it was applied the speech recognition test in noise.…”

“…So, to evaluate one of the abilities of the auditory processing, related to binaural interference, literature has described the Dichotic Digits Test 8,9,20,[21][22][23] . This test evaluates the binaural integration, with the purpose of verifying the ability of grouping the components of the acoustic signal in figure-toground and of identifying them, and the binaural separation, what enables directed evaluation and listening for each ear separately 20,24 .…”