Molduras de uma tragédia anunciada: enquadramentos do desastre de Mariana

As atividades exploratórias de recursos minerais originam resíduos que carecem de um local apropriado para serem armazenados. No Brasil, as barragens de rejeitos são vistas como alternativa de armazenamento desses resíduos. Uma associação entre erros, tanto na implementação quanto na fiscalização desse modelo, acarreta falhas que podem desencadear desastres ambientais. Os rompimentos das barragens situadas nas cidades mineiras de Mariana e Brumadinho ocasionaram danos ao meio ambiente e à sociedade. Uma vez que eles se enquadram como crimes ambientais e como crimes não transeuntes (que deixam vestígios), de acordo com o ordenamento jurídico brasileiro vigente, o trabalho da perícia criminal torna-se indispensável. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo, a partir de uma revisão bibliográfica sistemática, apresentar e discutir os achados referentes às tragédias de Mariana e Brumadinho associados ao trabalho pericial. Percebeu-se a ausência de publicações científicas que abordassem essa associação. Apenas um laudo elaborado pela Polícia Federal foi encontrado.

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Descrição dos desastres em Mariana e Brumadinho sob o olhar da perícia criminal: uma revisão sistemática

Santos¹,

Pellegrini

Silva

et al. 2021

BJFS

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IMPACTOS PSICOSSOCIAIS DOS DESASTRES DA MINERAÇÃO EM MARIANA E BRUMADINHO: uma revisão integrativa

Araújo¹,

Costa²,

Gonçalves³

2022

Psicodebate

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The failures of mining tailings dams in Mariana, in 2015, and in Brumadinho, in 2019, are identified as the biggest environmental disaster and the biggest work accident in the history of Brazil, respectively. This article aimed to analyze the background of these tragedies, their environmental and socioeconomic impacts, as well as the psychosocial consequences for the population directly and indirectly affected by these tragedies. The method used was the integrative literature review. Searches for scientific articles were carried out in the SciELO, PePSIC and BVS Salud BIREME databases, using the following combination of descriptors: “Brumadinho” & “desastre” and “Mariana” & “desastre”. Fourteen articles were analyzed, published between 2015 and 2020. The results show the weaknesses of the State in the prevention, resolution, and accountability of such crimes, demarcating a history of impunity for the companies involved, lack of reparation for socio-environmental damage, and helplessness to the affected population. Furthermore, the role of emergency and disaster psychology in these scenarios was analyzed, highlighting the ethical commitment of this profession to the promotion of mental health and the guarantee of rights.

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Mapping the Environmental Vulnerability of a Lagoon Using Fuzzy Logic and the AHP Method

Pautz

Santos

Ferrari

et al. 2023

Water

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Environmental vulnerability refers to the susceptibility of a region to damage when it is subjected to natural or anthropogenic actions. The assessment of environmental vulnerability in lakes is an important tool to assist managers in planning and intervening for sustainable production and environmental preservation. The combination of geotechnologies, fuzzy logic and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) has been applied by professionals and researchers to improve the work and research conducted in various areas and environments. In this context, the objective of this work was to map the environmental vulnerability of a lake and its surroundings through fuzzy logic and the AHP method. The study area comprises the Juparanã Lagoon Drainage Surface (JLDS), Espírito Santo state, Brazil. A survey of the physical characteristics of the watershed (drainage surface) that feeds the Juparanã Lagoon was carried out and also of the land use of this surface. To achieve the proposed objectives, the following methodological steps were implemented: (a) delimitation of watersheds, (b) spatialization of Permanent Preservation Areas (APP) based on the Brazilian Forestry Code (Law nº 12,651/2012), (c) application of logic fuzzy and AHP to spatialize the environmental vulnerability and (d) application of an evaluation of environmental vulnerability to the Preservation Areas (APP). Environmental vulnerability was modeled using Euclidean distance analysis, fuzzy logic and the AHP method, as proposed by Saaty (1977). For the development of this work, geotechnologies were used, with special emphasis on the use of the free software QGIS. The analysis revealed that 31.20%, 32.86% and 20.93% of the JLDS have very high, high and medium vulnerability, respectively. The evaluation of the environmental vulnerability of the APP showed that there is protection in the APP of the JLDS at rates of 47.35%, 34.05% and 14.5% for very high, high and medium vulnerability classes, respectively. The difficulties encountered were related to the lack of studies in the area of environmental vulnerability with a particular focus on lagoons. Here, for the first time, we perform a photointerpretation of the surroundings of Juparanã Lagoon. An important improvement measure would be the application of a temporal analysis to assess the dynamics of environmental vulnerability over time, considering socioeconomic, climatic and environmental changes. This would provide a more complete understanding of the distribution of environmental vulnerability in the study area. The methodology can be adapted to consider different scales of analysis, from local to regional, national and global scales, to assess environmental vulnerability at various scopes and levels of complexity. It can also be adapted to include local communities and governments.

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Molduras de uma tragédia anunciada: enquadramentos do desastre de Mariana

Cited by 3 publications

References 6 publications

Descrição dos desastres em Mariana e Brumadinho sob o olhar da perícia criminal: uma revisão sistemática

Descrição dos desastres em Mariana e Brumadinho sob o olhar da perícia criminal: uma revisão sistemática

IMPACTOS PSICOSSOCIAIS DOS DESASTRES DA MINERAÇÃO EM MARIANA E BRUMADINHO: uma revisão integrativa

Mapping the Environmental Vulnerability of a Lagoon Using Fuzzy Logic and the AHP Method

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