Global targets, local epidemics: the ultimate challenge for AIDS in Brazil?

Background Currently syphilis is considered an epidemic disease worldwide. The objective of this study was to identify intra-urban differentials in the occurrence of congenital and acquired syphilis and syphilis in pregnant women in the city of Natal, in northeast Brazil. Methods Cases of syphilis recorded by the municipal surveillance system from 1 January 2011 to 30 December 2018 were analysed. Spatial statistical analyses were performed using the kernel density estimator of the quadratic smoothing function (weighted). SaTScan software was applied for the calculation of risk based on a discrete Poisson model. Results There were 2163 cases of acquired syphilis, 738 cases of syphilis in pregnant women and 1279 cases of congenital syphilis. Kernel density maps showed that the occurrence of cases is more prevalent in peripheral areas and in areas with more precarious urban infrastructure. In 2011–2014 and 2015–2018, seven statistically significant clusters of acquired syphilis were identified. From 2011 to 2014, the most likely cluster had a relative risk of 3.54 (log likelihood ratio [LLR] 38 895; p<0.001) and from 2015 to 2018 the relative risk was 0.54 (LLR 69 955; p<0.001). Conclusions In the municipality of Natal, there was a clustered pattern of spatial distribution of syphilis, with some areas presenting greater risk for the occurrence of new cases.

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“…3 2 It is important to note that other factors may be associated with the epidemic, such as cultural and behavioural aspects. 3 3 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intra-urban differentials of congenital and acquired syphilis and syphilis in pregnant women in an urban area in northeastern Brazil

Souza

Teixeira²,

Santana³

et al. 2021

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…All tests were performed using serum, as per the manufacturer's recommendation and Ministry of Health guidelines. [4][5][6] Rapid tests are immunochromatographic assays which detect antigens of the agent or antibodies present in biological samples, blood, serum or oral fluid. The advantages of rapid tests are their high sensitivity and specificity (sensitivity varying between 98.6% and 100%, and specificity varying between 98.9% and 99.8%), being easy to use regardless of the place where care is provided and being ready in up to 30 minutes.…”

Section: The Highest Number Of Hiv/aids Cases Reported On Sinan In Thmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A possible explanation for this finding could be the frequent migration of people with a variety of health conditions requiring and receiving diagnosis and treatment in more urbanized areas. 6 Data on acquired syphilis began to become known when mandatory notification came into effect in 2010. Minas Gerais had 5,245 notified cases in 2016.…”

Section: Stable Partnermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2,3 However, those studies do not reflect local and regional particularities of the epidemics, especially in relation to cultural and behavioral aspects. [6][7][8] The highest number of HIV/AIDs cases reported on SINAN in the last ten years in Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, occurred in 2016: 19 cases among 74,000 inhab., or 2.6 cases per 10,000 inhab. This fact may be related to the creation in Ouro Preto of the Communicable and Parasitic Diseases Outpatients Department at the Federal University of Ouro Preto in 2010, the Specialized HIV/AIDS and Viral Hepatitis Care Service in 2014, and the Antiretroviral Medication Dispensing Unit in 2016.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fatores associados ao não uso de preservativo e prevalência de HIV, hepatites virais B e C e sífilis: estudo transversal em comunidades rurais de Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, entre 2014 e 2016*

Barbosa¹,

Batista²,

Nacife³

et al. 2019

Epidemiologia e Serviços de Saúde

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Objective: to investigate socio-demographic factors associated with non-use of condoms, and to describe the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STI) in rural communities of Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 2014 to 2016. Methods: data were gathered from individual interviews and rapid tests were performed; associations were tested using Poisson regression, with a 95% confidence interval (95%CI). Results: we detected 3.8 cases/10,000 inhabitants for hepatitis B and syphilis, and 1.3 cases/10,000 inhabitants for hepatitis C; no HIV cases were detected; in the multivariate analysis we found higher prevalence rates of condom non-use among the group of individuals who were married, had common law partners or were widowed (PR=1.20 -95%CI 1.06;1.36). Conclusion: individuals in a stable relationship formed the group with the highest prevalence rate of condom non-use; new syphilis and viral hepatitis cases were detected using rapid tests during the survey.

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“…Los escenarios político y social también deben ser capaces de asegurar el acceso universal al seguimiento de la salud, la testación y el tratamiento, principalmente entre las poblaciones clave, que en general sufren por los estigmas, la discriminación y la exclusión social. Es necesario intensificar los programas de puesta a disposición de preservativos, de control de las demás infecciones de transmisión sexual, de utilización y accesibilidad a la profilaxis antirretroviral pre y post-exposición y a los servicios de reducción de daños para las personas usuarias de drogas (4,8) .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

La realización del test diagnóstico para el VIH entre los participantes del carnaval

Francisco

Fonte

Pinheiro

et al. 2018

eglobal

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Objetivo: Identificar a adesão e descrever fatores associados à realização da testagem para o HIV entre os participantes do carnaval.Método: Estudo transversal realizado com 557 participantes. Os dados foram coletados com auxílio de um questionário. Foi realizada análise descritiva e empregado o teste qui-quadrado com nível de significância de 95%.Resultados: 66,2% já fizeram teste para o HIV alguma vez na vida, 54,2% realizaram nos últimos 12 meses e 83,8% nunca fizeram o teste rápido. Houve associação significativamente estatística (p <0.05) na realização do teste com as variáveis, sexo, faixa etária, relacionamento, pratica sexual com pessoa do mesmo sexo, cadastro em Unidades de Atenção Básica e conhecimento sobre serviços de saúde que realizem o teste gratuitamente.Conclusão: Questões sociais, culturais, de gênero e acesso a unidades de saúde tem se mostrado mais eficientes no estímulo para a realização da testagem do que a exposição a práticas sexuais de risco. Objetivo: Identificar la adhesión y describir factores asociados a la realización de la prueba diagnóstica para el VIH entre los participantes del carnaval.Método: Estudio transversal realizado con 557 participantes. Los datos fueron recolectados con ayuda de un cuestionario. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo y se empleó la prueba chi-cuadrado con nivel de significancia del 95%.Resultados: 66,2% ya han hecho pruebas para el VIH alguna vez en la vida, el 54,2% se realizó en los últimos 12 meses y el 83,8% nunca hizo la prueba rápida. Se observó una asociación significativamente estadística (p<0.05) en la realización del test con las variables, sexo, edad, relación, práctica sexual con persona del mismo sexo, registro en Unidades de Atención Básica y conocimiento sobre servicios de salud que realizan el test gratuitamente.Conclusión: Cuestiones sociales, culturales, de género y acceso a unidades de salud se han mostrado más eficientes en el estímulo para la realización del test que la exposición a prácticas sexuales de riesgo. Objective: To identify adherence and to describe factors associated with realization HIV testing among carnival participants.Method: A cross-sectional study with 557 participants. Data were collected using a questionnaire. A descriptive analysis was performed and the chi-square test was used, with a significance level of 95%.Results: 66.2% have ever tested for HIV at any time in their lives, 54.2% have performed in the last 12 months and 83.8% have never taken the rapid test. There was a statistically significant association (p <0.05) in the test with the variables, gender, age group, relationship, sexual practice with the same sex, enrollment in Primary Care Units and knowledge about health services that performed the test free of charge.Conclusion: Social, cultural, gender, and access to health care issues have been shown to be more effective in stimulating testing than exposure to risky sexual practices.

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Global targets, local epidemics: the ultimate challenge for AIDS in Brazil?

Cited by 6 publications

References 2 publications

Intra-urban differentials of congenital and acquired syphilis and syphilis in pregnant women in an urban area in northeastern Brazil

Intra-urban differentials of congenital and acquired syphilis and syphilis in pregnant women in an urban area in northeastern Brazil

Fatores associados ao não uso de preservativo e prevalência de HIV, hepatites virais B e C e sífilis: estudo transversal em comunidades rurais de Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, entre 2014 e 2016*

La realización del test diagnóstico para el VIH entre los participantes del carnaval

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