Introduction:The concept of vulnerability describes the coexistence, cumulativeness or spatial superposition of poverty, social deprivation and exposure to situations of environmental risk, where there is exposure to risk, incapacity of reaction and difficulty in adapting in the face of risk materialisation.Objective: Evaluate the spatial distribution of Social Vulnerability Risk at a census sector level for the municipality of Natal, Northeast Brazil. Methods:Ecological study that utilised the 895 census sectors of the municipality of Natal. Principal component analysis was applied with eight variables related to human capital, urban infrastructure, income and work, obtained from the 2010 demographic census. The result was categorised from the Z score and the obtained classification was used to build the map. The programs SPSS 22.0 and QGIS 2.8 were employed. Results:Bartlett's test for sphericity obtained p<0.05, and KMO was 0.769. Communalities presented factor loadings over 0.60. Application of the analysis to the model enabled the extraction of three factors: Factor 1 (related to human capital), Factor 2 (Income and Work), and Factor 3 (Urban infrastructure), explaining jointly 71.56% of total variance. Factor 1 was the one that best described vulnerability in the municipality of Natal, showing areas of low vulnerability in the neighbourhoods of the South and East districts, and high vulnerability in the peripheral zones of West and North. For Factors 2 and 3, most sectors were classified within the range considered as intermediate vulnerability. Conclusion:In the municipality of Natal, there are significant differences in the socioeconomic and demographic conditions of the population, with certain areas experiencing concentrated social and environmental risks.
Background Currently syphilis is considered an epidemic disease worldwide. The objective of this study was to identify intra-urban differentials in the occurrence of congenital and acquired syphilis and syphilis in pregnant women in the city of Natal, in northeast Brazil. Methods Cases of syphilis recorded by the municipal surveillance system from 1 January 2011 to 30 December 2018 were analysed. Spatial statistical analyses were performed using the kernel density estimator of the quadratic smoothing function (weighted). SaTScan software was applied for the calculation of risk based on a discrete Poisson model. Results There were 2163 cases of acquired syphilis, 738 cases of syphilis in pregnant women and 1279 cases of congenital syphilis. Kernel density maps showed that the occurrence of cases is more prevalent in peripheral areas and in areas with more precarious urban infrastructure. In 2011–2014 and 2015–2018, seven statistically significant clusters of acquired syphilis were identified. From 2011 to 2014, the most likely cluster had a relative risk of 3.54 (log likelihood ratio [LLR] 38 895; p<0.001) and from 2015 to 2018 the relative risk was 0.54 (LLR 69 955; p<0.001). Conclusions In the municipality of Natal, there was a clustered pattern of spatial distribution of syphilis, with some areas presenting greater risk for the occurrence of new cases.
Resumo: The results suggest the : INTRODUÇÃOA leptospirose humana é uma infecção aguda causada pela espiroqueta patogênica do gênero Leptospira, que assume um caráter epidêmico em determinadas regiões, com maior frequência em países tropicais e em desenvolvimento 1 . É uma zoonose de importância e distribuição mundial que acomete e reservatórios e contribuírem para a disseminação do microrganismo na natureza 2 .animais infectados ou água, lama ou solo contaminados pela Leptospira interrogans, que apresenta mais de 200 sorovares -cada sorovar a um grande número de sorovares. No Brasil, os sorovares Icterohaemorrhagiae e Copenhagueni são, com frequência, relacionados aos casos mais graves 3 . O principal reservatório do agente são os roedores sinantrópicos comensais ( , e ) sendo o 249
Objetivou-se nesse estudo analisar a ocorrência de casos de Leishmaniose visceral humana (LVH) e sua proximidade com as áreas de risco social no município de Natal-RN. Foram analisados 285 casos confirmados de LVH registrados no SINAN no período de 2008 a 2018. Para a sobreposição dos casos e das áreas de Risco social utilizou-se a análise de Kernel. Foi calculada a distância média anual de cada ponto à área de risco mais próxima. A densidade de Kernel revelou que a ocorrência dos casos é mais predominante nas áreas periféricas, sobretudo em áreas localizadas na região Norte e Oeste e sobrepostas às áreas de risco social. A distância média entre os casos e a área de risco mais próxima foi de 445 metros. Observou-se uma redução da distância média entre os casos e as áreas de risco social a cada ano, no período de 2008 e 2013, e um aumento no período de 2014 a 2018. A menor distância média foi registrada em 2012 (227 metros) e a maior foi em 2017 (677 metros). A modelagem espacial apontou que a dinâmica da ocorrência da leishmaniose visceral no município de Natal-RN está relacionada à proximidade das áreas de risco social.
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