Social determinants and their interference in homicide rates in a city in northeastern Brazil

Sousa, Geziel dos Santos de; Magalhães, Francismeire Brasileiro; Gama, Isabelle da Silva; Lima, Maria Vilma Neves de; Almeida, Rosa Lívia Freitas de; Vieira, Luiza Jane Eyre de Souza; Filho, José Gomes Bezerra

doi:10.1590/1809-4503201400060016

Cited by 8 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The low education level required for the job performed by most victims in the present study, together with the high prevalence of homicide found, corroborates the observation made by several studies that the education level may be inversely proportional to the homicide rate in a given population 11,16,22,26 . Low education levels (less than four years of formal schooling) are associated with higher risk of death by homicide in all the Brazilian states 16 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…This was also evidenced in other studies and is related to the fact that the rates of homicide in Brazil are high 6,11,18 . Firearm homicides were more prevalent in the present and other studies 16 . However, the main mechanism of penetrating trauma varied among different studies, mainly because they were conducted in different places.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

“…Low education levels (less than four years of formal schooling) are associated with higher risk of death by homicide in all the Brazilian states 16 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Young and single people, who were more prevalent in the present study, are more predisposed to violence because many of them have not yet started a family of their own or do not have a safe socioeconomic status and are therefore more prone to become involved in high-risk situations, particularly in developing countries such as Brazil [16][17] . Concerning penetrating trauma, the proportion of non-single (married, in stable unions, etc.)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…individuals and the mean age of gunshot wound victims were lower than those of sharp force trauma victims. These findings might be attributed to the involvement of young and single people with crime (mainly drug trafficking and organized crime) and consequently with firearms, especially in the Brazilian urban peripheral areas [16][17][18] . The most striking characteristic of the epidemiological pattern of homicide in Brazil (the main circumstance of death in the present study) is its occurrence among an increasingly younger population [19][20] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neck Trauma Deaths In Brazil: Review Of 541 Cases.

Bordoni¹,

Assis²,

Silva³

et al. 2016

BJFS

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Abstract. Neck trauma is associated with high morbidity and mortality. To establish the profile of death by neck trauma in the metropolitan area of Belo Horizonte (BH), Brazil, fatal cases subjected to necropsy at the Forensic Medicine Institute of BH 2006 to 2012 were evaluated. A total of 541 necropsy reports were analyzed; most victims were male (82%), single (70%) and non-white (72%). Almost half of the victims were under 30 years old (47%).Penetrating neck trauma was the most prevalent injury (74%), mainly caused by firearm projectiles (54%), and most cases were of homicide victims (67%). Alcohol consumption before death and positive drug tests were found in almost half of the cases (42% and 45%, respectively). Establishing the sociodemographic and behavioral profile of victims as well the intrinsic characteristics of this type of trauma are potentially relevant for identifying the highrisk population and for elaborating intervention strategies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

“…Low education levels (less than four years of formal schooling) are associated with higher risk of death by homicide in all the Brazilian states 16 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Neck Trauma Deaths In Brazil: Review Of 541 Cases.

Bordoni¹,

Assis²,

Silva³

et al. 2016

BJFS

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Environmental determinants of population health in urban settings. A systematic review

et al. 2020

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Background: Population health is influenced by interactions between environmental determinants, which are captured by dimensions and indicators. This study aims to systematically review key environmental determinants and respective dimensions and indicators, relevant to evaluate population health in urban settings, and to understand their potential implications into policies. Methods: A search of literature published between 2008 and 2018 was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and SciELO Portugal databases, on studies with evidence on association between an environmental determinant and a health outcome in urban contexts. Health determinants, dimensions and indicators researched in the selected studies were synthetized, and associations analyzed. An independent assessment of quality of the studies was performed. Key conclusions and policy recommendations were extracted to build a framework to analyze environment related population health and policies in urban settings. Results: Ninety four studies of varied methodological approaches and quality met the inclusion criteria. The review identified positive associations between all environmental determinants-socioeconomic, built environment, natural environment, healthcare, behaviors, and health outcomes-overall mortality and morbidity, in urban settings. Improvements in income, education, air quality, occupation status, mobility and smoking habits indicators have positive impact in overall mortality and chronic diseases morbidity indicators. Initiatives to improve population health in which policymakers can be more evidence-informed include socioeconomic, natural environment and built environment determinants. Conclusions: There is scope and need to further explore which environmental determinants and dimensions most contribute to population health to create a series of robust evidence-based measures to better inform urban planning policies.

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Homicides and socio-environmental determinants of health in Brazil: a systematic literature review

2018

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Brazil currently has the highest absolute number of homicides in the world, which results from a complex range of factors. This study aimed at understanding the associations between socio-environmental determinants of health (SDH) and homicides in Brazil through a systematic literature review. The review followed PRISMA guidelines, selecting quantitative and qualitative studies published in Portuguese, English, and Spanish carried out between 2002 and 2017, available in the PubMed, MEDLINE, LILACS, SciELO and BVS-BIREME databases. Two trilingual reviewers tracked studies independently by basing on the eligibility criteria. We critically assessed the selected studies with the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) or the Checklist for Analytical Cross-Sectional Studies, depending on the study design. We considered 60 studies and grouped their SDH into categories to develop a narrative synthesis about each SDH. These categories were: territory; race/ethnicity; gender; age; social inequalities and economic factors; development; education; work and employment; drugs and trafficking; other SDH. We found some SDH were more associated with homicides, such as being young, black, male, of low education level, and also people who lived in places of high social inequality, such as urban suburbs and agricultural frontiers. Unemployment and drug trafficking, as well as intersections between various SDH were also prominent. Education seems to be a protective factor for homicide. Despite the limited capacity of interpretation due to the high range of methodological approaches, this review shows the importance of considering SDH and their intersections when developing homicide prevention policies.

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Social determinants and their interference in homicide rates in a city in northeastern Brazil

Abstract: The findings indicate that the mortality by homicide is associated with high levels of poverty and uncontrolled urbanization, which migrates to the peripheries of urban centers.

Cited by 8 publications

References 12 publications

Neck Trauma Deaths In Brazil: Review Of 541 Cases.

Neck Trauma Deaths In Brazil: Review Of 541 Cases.

Environmental determinants of population health in urban settings. A systematic review

Homicides and socio-environmental determinants of health in Brazil: a systematic literature review

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