Rainfall Zoning for Cocoa Growing in Bahia State (Brazil) Using Fuzzy Logic

Franco, Laís Barreto; Almeida, Ceres Duarte Guedes Cabral de; Freire, Martiliana Mayani; Franco, Gustavo Barreto; Silva, Samuel de Assis

doi:10.1590/1809-4430-eng.agric.v39nep48-55/2019

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In this region, as well as in the central and northern parts of the state of Bahia, risks are lower for moniliasis occurrence, which allows avoiding moniliasis occurrence on cocoa plantations (escape areas), along with the use of new cultivars and cropping technologies. Although these regions are not traditional for cocoa production in the state, they have the potential for expanding cocoa cultivation, mainly when irrigation is considered (Franco et al 2019) Commercial crops in escape areas could provide good development and low risk for cocoa production in Bahia. In case moniliasis pathogen occurs in the state, prolonged periods of drought and low relative humidity during the dry season of the year could hinder pathogen survival from one season to another, reducing disease proliferation from eld to eld (Bailey et al 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, on the coastal region, especially further south, where the climate is more suitable for cocoa production (Franco et al 2019), but also more favorable for cocoa moniliasis occurrence (Fig. 4), the adoption of disease-resistant varieties and the use of fungicides, once they prove their e ciency, are the main strategies to avoid serious damages to the cocoa production system in the event of moniliasis infecting this region.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Climatic risk zoning for potential occurrence of cacao moniliasis disease in Northeastern Brazil under the influence of ENSO phases

Galvão

Pereira²,

Sentelhas³

2022

Theor Appl Climatol

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Air temperature and relative humidity are the main drivers of many fungal diseases, such as moniliasis (Moniliophthora roreri), which affects cocoa production worldwide. This disease occurs in some Latin American countries; however, it has not yet occurred in Brazil. Moniliasis could cause serious damage to the Brazilian cocoa production if present in the country. Therefore, to know the risks of moniliasis to cocoa production in the largest Brazilian producing region, in the state of Bahia, this study investigated the climatic favorability for the occurrence of this disease in this state, by de ning and mapping the climatic risks and by assessing the in uence of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phases on it. Daily air temperature and relative humidity data from 28 weather stations of the national weather network in the state of Bahia, between 1988 and 2018, were employed to determine the risk index for cocoa moniliasis occurrence (RICM), based on the number of days favorable to the disease, which was categorized in ve levels of favorability, ranging from "unfavorable" to "very favorable". Seasonal and annual RICM maps were generated by a multiple linear regression procedure, considering raster layers of latitude, longitude, and altitude. The maps showed a high spatial and temporal RICM variability in the state of Bahia, with the highest risk for moniliasis occurrence in the eastern part of the state, where most producing areas are located. The ENSO phase showed to in uence cocoa moniliasis occurrence, with the years with a transition between El Niño and Neutral phases being the most critical for this disease in majority of assessed locations. These results show that cocoa producers in the state of Bahia, Brazil, should be concerned with moniliasis occurrence as a potential disease for their crops, mainly in the traditional producing regions and when ENOS is in a transition from El Niño to Neutral.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climatic risk zoning for potential occurrence of cacao moniliasis disease in Northeastern Brazil under the influence of ENSO phases

Galvão

Pereira²,

Sentelhas³

2022

Theor Appl Climatol

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“…Cocoa cultivation is an agricultural activity of great economic and social importance for the tropical climate, which is hot and humid, and according to Franco et al (2019) and Reay (2019), the climatic needs and also its changes limit the expansion of the area cultivated with this crop worldwide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon footprint of Brazilian cocoa produced in Pará state

Hernandes

Efraim

Silva

et al. 2022

Braz. J. Food Technol.

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Pará is the main cocoa producing state in Brazil. To provide a comprehensive picture of the carbon cootprint from cocoa production (conventional and organic cultivation systems in Brazilian Trans-Amazon and Xingu regions), the Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Protocol methodology was used to calculate greenhouse gas emissions with a focus on the impact of climate changes. The carbon footprint was calculated based on original data collected in the conventional and organic cocoa cultivation of the Trans-Amazon and Xingu regions in the State of Pará. The harvesting, fermentation and drying steps were analyzed, with data collection in nine farms, three of each type of agricultural production: conventional; organic; and organic-fairtrade. The fruit is harvested manually, the husk is left at the field for natural fertilization without composting. The small amount of inputs, such as herbicides, insecticides and fertilizers, are used only on farms with cocoa conventional production. Eliminating the use of nitrogen fertilizers and implementing an efficient method of composting without the emission of methane in the air, the carbon footprint will be only 2.01 kg CO2 eq./kg cocoa, i.e., total reduction of 81%.

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