Soil Physical Attributes and Production Components of Sugarcane Cultivars in Conservationist Tillage Systems

Abstract

Machine traffic and conventional tillage can cause structural degradation of the soil, affecting the physical attributes and, consequently, the production and longevity of the sugarcane field. The objective of this study was to evaluate the production components of sugarcane cultivars (RB965902, RB985476, RB966928, RB855156, RB975201, RB975242, RB036066 and RB855536) and physical attributes of a Dystroferric Red Latosol (Oxisol) under no-tillage and reduced-tillage systems. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized experimental design in an 8 × 2 factorial arrangement, with four replicates. The soil attributes evaluated were density, total porosity, macroporosity, microporosity and penetration resistance. The production components evaluated were stalk length and diameter, number of tillers (NT), tons of cane per hectare (TCH), sucrose content (Pol), tons of sucrose per hectare (TPH), soluble solids content (Brix), total recoverable sugars (TRS) and plant fiber. Cultivars RB965902, RB966928, RB855156 and RB985476 have productivity and technological attributes that are superior to the other cultivars, whereas these are lower for RB036066 in both soil tillage systems. Cultivars RB966928, RB855156, RB975242 and RB855536 exhibited higher TCH and TPH in the no-tillage system, and all cultivars displayed equal or higher performances than those observed in the reduced-tillage system. In the no-tillage system, which exhibits lower penetration resistance values between wheel tracks and in the subsurface layer of the planting row (0.20-0.40 m), cultivars RB985476 and RB975242 had a higher NT, and RB855156 had higher stalk lengths and NT.

Soybean Agronomic Performance and Soil Physical Attributes Under Tractor Traffic Intensities

“…Soil microporosity presented a reduction in the 0.00-0.10 m layer with 8 passes when compared to zero passes (Figure 3). However, these treatments did not differ from the others, which suggests a higher effect of intrinsic soil factors, agreeing with Bergamin et al (2010), Arcoverde et al (2019a), and Arcoverde et al (2019b), who attributed it to the mineralogy of the clay fraction in a dystroferric Red Latosol. A higher increase in soil penetration resistance was observed with 12 passes (2.31 MPa) in the 0.00-0.10 m layer when compared to 6 (2.0 MPa), 8 (1.86 MPa), 4 passes (1.81 MPa), and 0 passes (1.51 MPa) ( Figure 4).…”

Growth and sugarcane cultivars productivity under notillage and reduced tillage system

“…The trial was conducted from July 2016 (stalks planting) to August 2017 (harvest) at the Experimental Farm of Agricultural Sciences of the Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), in Dourados, MS (22º13'58'' S, 54º 59'57" W and 418 m altitude), in Red Latosol Dystroferric, with a clayey texture, composed with 603 g kg -1 of clay layer up to 0.30 m depth, 147 g kg -1 of silt and, 250 g kg -1 of sand (Arcoverde et al, 2019a).…”

“…Additionally, the area presented the uniformity in the environment conditions, with a slowlevelled topography, with no soil variation and soil management. The trial area was divided into two sub-areas, composed by no-tillage and, reduced tillage soil preparation systems, where sugarcane cultivars (RB965902, RB985476, RB966928, RB855156, RB975201, RB975242, RB036066 and RB855536) were manually planted on July 21, 2016, in density of 15 stalks per meter (Arcoverde et al, 2019a;Arcoverde et al, 2019b). For each soil preparation system, the sugarcane cultivars were planted in a completely randomized design, and eight treatments and four replications.…”

“…Soil preparation system involving conservationist methods, such as no-tillage and reduced-tillage systems, to enable soil minimal disturbance, soil surface coverage from previous crop residues, improve its structure, reducing energy expenditure (Arcoverde et al, 2019a). Nevertheless, Rev.…”

“…Thus, sugar-cane varieties management is one of the main strategies that allows sorting the local varieties for different local edaphic-climatic local conditions. In this context to guarantee the sugarcane energetic sector sustainability, is necessary to understand the performance of cultivars under conservationist soil management systems (Arcoverde et al, 2019a). Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the growth and agricultural productivity of sugarcane plant cultivars and their correlation with the soil mechanical penetration resistance in a Red Oxisol Dystroferric submitted to reduced tillage and no-tillage systems.…”