Cloacal and Surface Temperatures of Broilers Subject to Thermal Stress

Abreu, Lucas Henrique Pedrozo; Yanagi, Tadayuki; Campos, Alessandro T.; Bahuti, Marcelo; Fassani, Édison José

doi:10.1590/1809-4430-eng.agric.v37n5p877-886/2017

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Especially in large-scale production systems, in which maximum efficiency of production is sought, it is important to minimize exposure to HS. For this, it is necessary to use methods for adjusting the environmental temperature based on bird's requirements ( Edgar et al., 2013 , Abreu et al., 2017 , Chang et al., 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of heat stress on pullet cloacal and body temperature

et al. 2020

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One measure of the thermal status of poultry is cloacal temperature measured with a cloacal thermometer; however, this method requires handling the bird, is invasive, and can be stressful. Infrared thermography is an alternative means for assessing bird thermal status. The objective of this study was to investigate the body temperature response of pullets subjected to different environmental air temperatures during the growing phase and to evaluate the relationship between the cloacal temperature and the body parts surface temperature. A total of 648 chicks (Lohmann LSL Lite) were used in 2 different phases, phase I (day 1 through 6 wk of age) and phase II (week 7 through 17). During phase I, chicks were reared at 1 of 3 different thermal environments: thermal comfort (35°C–19°C), mild heat stress (38°C–22°C), or mild cold stress (28°C–17°C). In phase II, pullets were randomly redistributed to 1 of 4 daytime temperature treatments: 20°C; 25°C; 30°C; and 35°C, all with night time temperature of 20°C. Cloacal temperature and body surface temperature for 8 parts (head, eye, comb, chest, back, wing, leg, head area, and body area) were obtained weekly from 4 to 2 birds per treatment, respectively, during phase II. There were no effects for the interactions between the 2 experimental phases for cloacal and body parts surface temperature. There was a strong correlation ( P < 0.001) between cloacal temperature and each body part temperature; cloacal temperature followed a quadratic response to environmental air temperature treatments. Pullets subjected to 35°C/20°C and 30°C/20°C had the highest body parts temperatures compared with the other 2 treatments ( P < 0.05). The leg surface temperature was greatest in all treatments, and the chest the lowest. Regression between cloacal and body parts temperature had a 95% predictive accuracy of better than 0.4°C, suggesting a useful alternative to direct cloacal temperature measurement.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of heat stress on pullet cloacal and body temperature

et al. 2020

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“…In line also with our results, when chicks are exposed to a heat challenge with high RH, the efficacy of the thermoregulation system may be compromised, and chicks will need to use other pathways to lose heat, accelerating metabolism. When this occurs, part of the energy that should be used to gain weight will be dedicated to thermoregulatory process, reducing performance ( Abreu et al., 2017 ). Lin et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of environmental conditions during transport on chick weight loss and mortality

2021

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The present study had 2 objectives: the first was to analyze the possible impact of transport on weight loss and mortality during transport, and first-week mortality. The second was to monitor the environmental condition (i.e., temperature, humidity, and so on) variability during transport with an effect on day-old chicks. Probe equipment was installed in a truck of a poultry company from Spain, including a total of 66 journeys made in commercial conditions between May and November 2017. Animal-based measures collected included BW (before and after transport), mortality during transport, mortality during the first week of life, which were contrasted against a series of environmental variables including air temperature, RH, and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) atmospheric concentration for every journey, number of day-old chicks (%) per journey, transport duration (h), zones inside the loading area (zone 1, near to the cabin; zone 2, in the central point; and zone 3, close to the back doors), height (1, top; 2, medium; and 3, bottom), mo (May to November), number of stops, type of stop during journey (farm stops and driver stops), time to start the journey, as well as other intrinsic factors of chicks (gender, breed [Ross and Cobb], breeder flock age [wk] and egg storage day). Because the database included random factors, longitudinal data, and repeated measures, a multivariate model was used to analyze the data. The results showed that chick weight loss was positively associated with journey duration and RH. No effect of environmental variables was found on mortality during transport. However, chick mortality during the first week of life was related with the percentage of day-old chicks loaded per journey and chick gender. In conclusion, owing to the environmental heterogeneity during transport and the effect of the environment on chick weight during transport and mortality at first week of life, there is an urgent need to refine the air-conditioning and ventilation systems of day-old chick transport toward a greater environmental homogeneity.

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“…Infrared thermography has been widely used to estimate the surface temperature of chickens [18,19,[35][36][37]. Birds' head surface temperature was considered surface temperature (Ts) as it was easier to get the skin temperature from the head than the other body parts with many feathers.…”

Section: Thermal Image Capturingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Air Velocity Treatments under Summer Condition: Part I—Heavy Broiler’s Surface Temperature Response

Akter

Cheng

West

et al. 2022

Animals

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Heavy broilers exposed to hot summer conditions experience fluctuations in surface temperatures due to heat stress, which leads to decreased performance. Maintaining a bird’s homeostasis depends on several environmental factors (temperature, relative humidity, and air velocity). It is important to understand the responses of birds to environmental factors and the amount of heat loss to the surrounding environment to create thermal comfort for the heavy broilers for improved performances and welfare. This study investigates the variation in surface temperatures of heavy broilers under high and low air velocity treatments. Daytime, age and bird location’s effect on the surface temperature variation was also examined. The experiment was carried out in the poultry engineering laboratory of North Carolina State University during summers of 2017, 2018, and 2019 as a part of a comprehensive study on the effectiveness of wind chill application to mitigate heat stress on heavy broilers. This live broiler heat stress experiment was conducted under two dynamic air velocity treatments (high and low) with three chambers per treatment and 44 birds per chamber. Surface temperatures of the birds were recorded periodically through the experimental treatment cycles (flocks, 35–61 days) with infrared thermography in the morning, noon, evening, and nighttime. The overall mean surface temperature of the broilers under two treatments was found to be 35.89 ± 2.37 °C. The variation in surface temperature happened due to air temperature, thermal index, air velocity, bird’s age, daytime, and position of birds inside the experimental chambers. The surface temperatures were found lower under high air velocity treatment and higher under low air velocity treatment. During the afternoon time, the broilers’ surface temperatures were higher than other times of the day. It was also found that the birds’ surface temperature increased with age and temperature humidity indices. Based upon the experimental data of five flocks, a simple linear regression model was developed to predict surface temperature from the birds’ age, thermal indices, and air velocity. It will help assess heavy broilers’ thermal comfort under heat stress, which is essential to provide a comfortable environment for them.

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Cloacal and Surface Temperatures of Broilers Subject to Thermal Stress

Cited by 13 publications

References 26 publications

Effects of heat stress on pullet cloacal and body temperature

Effects of heat stress on pullet cloacal and body temperature

Effect of environmental conditions during transport on chick weight loss and mortality

Impacts of Air Velocity Treatments under Summer Condition: Part I—Heavy Broiler’s Surface Temperature Response

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