Effect of environmental conditions during transport on chick weight loss and mortality

Yerpes, Marta; Llonch, Pol; Manteca, Xavier

doi:10.1016/j.psj.2020.10.003

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…In a study from Yerpes et al. (2021) in Spain, including a total of 66 journeys made in commercial conditions between May and November 2017, the mean chick mortality during transport was 0.055% (SD = 0.043). The literature about specific DOA of day‐old chicks is very scarce, so from this recent paper, it can be assumed that DOA is not exceeding 0.1%.…”

Section: Assessment Of Scenario 2: Road and Air Transport Of Day‐old ...mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Therefore, the cause of DOA might not need to be investigated for each individual transport, but if it exceeds a certain level, that might be attributed to the transport conditions. In a study from Yerpes et al (2021) in Spain, including a total of 66 journeys made in commercial conditions between May and November 2017, the mean chick mortality during transport was 0.055% (SD = 0.043). The literature about specific DOA of day-old chicks is very scarce, so from this recent paper, it can be assumed that DOA is not exceeding 0.1%.…”

Section: Iceberg Indicatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Welfare of domestic birds and rabbits transported in containers

Nielsen¹,

Álvarez²,

Bicout³

et al. 2022

EFS2

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This opinion, produced upon a request from the European Commission, focuses on transport of domestic birds and rabbits in containers (e.g. any crate, box, receptacle or other rigid structure used for the transport of animals, but not the means of transport itself). It describes and assesses current transport practices in the EU, based on data from literature, Member States and expert opinion. The species and categories of domestic birds assessed were mainly chickens for meat (broilers), end-of-lay hens and dayold chicks. They included to a lesser extent pullets, turkeys, ducks, geese, quails and game birds, due to limited scientific evidence. The opinion focuses on road transport to slaughterhouses or to production sites. For day-old chicks, air transport is also addressed. The relevant stages of transport considered are preparation, loading, journey, arrival and uncrating. Welfare consequences associated with current transport practices were identified for each stage. For loading and uncrating, the highly relevant welfare consequences identified are handling stress, injuries, restriction of movement and sensory overstimulation. For the journey and arrival, injuries, restriction of movement, sensory overstimulation, motion stress, heat stress, cold stress, prolonged hunger and prolonged thirst are identified as highly relevant. For each welfare consequence, animal-based measures (ABMs) and hazards were identified and assessed, and both preventive and corrective or mitigative measures proposed. Recommendations on quantitative criteria to prevent or mitigate welfare consequences are provided for microclimatic conditions, space allowances and journey times for all categories of animals, where scientific evidence and expert opinion support such outcomes.

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Section: Assessment Of Scenario 2: Road and Air Transport Of Day‐old ...mentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Iceberg Indicatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Welfare of domestic birds and rabbits transported in containers

Nielsen¹,

Álvarez²,

Bicout³

et al. 2022

EFS2

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“…Drying of chicks after hatching or spray vaccination is also a prerequisite for avoiding chicks staying wet and being exposed to too low effective temperature. Upon arrival on the broiler farm, pre-heating of the barn and controlling ventilation to get the appropriate environmental temperature (30-35°C) upon placement and during the first days of life is essential to prevent cold stress (Karcher, 2021;Yerpes et al, 2020Yerpes et al, , 2021. Alternatively, dark brooders or brooding rings can be used with a temperature of 32-35°C at the edge of the dark brooder as heating source (Aviagen, 2018a).…”

Section: Day-old Chicks Hatched In Hatcherymentioning

confidence: 99%

Welfare of broilers on farm

Nielsen¹,

Álvarez²,

Bicout³

et al. 2023

EFS2

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This Scientific Opinion considers the welfare of domestic fowl (Gallus gallus) related to the production of meat (broilers) and includes the keeping of day-old chicks, broiler breeders, and broiler chickens. Currently used husbandry systems in the EU are described. Overall, 19 highly relevant welfare consequences (WCs) were identified based on severity, duration and frequency of occurrence: 'bone lesions', 'cold stress', 'gastro-enteric disorders', 'group stress', 'handling stress', 'heat stress', 'isolation stress', 'inability to perform comfort behaviour', 'inability to perform exploratory or foraging behaviour', 'inability to avoid unwanted sexual behaviour', 'locomotory disorders', 'prolonged hunger', 'prolonged thirst', 'predation stress', 'restriction of movement', 'resting problems', 'sensory under-and overstimulation', 'soft tissue and integument damage' and 'umbilical disorders'. These WCs and their animal-based measures (ABMs) that can identify them are described in detail. A variety of hazards related to the different husbandry systems were identified as well as ABMs for assessing the different WCs. Measures to prevent or correct the hazards and/or mitigate each of the WCs are listed. Recommendations are provided on quantitative or qualitative criteria to answer specific questions on the welfare of broilers and related to genetic selection, temperature, feed and water restriction, use of cages, light, air quality and mutilations in breeders such as beak trimming, de-toeing and comb dubbing. In addition, minimal requirements (e.g. stocking density, group size, nests, provision of litter, perches and platforms, drinkers and feeders, of covered veranda and outdoor range) for an enclosure for keeping broiler chickens (fast-growing, slower-growing and broiler breeders) are recommended. Finally, 'total mortality', 'wounds', 'carcass condemnation' and 'footpad dermatitis' are proposed as indicators for monitoring at slaughter the welfare of broilers on-farm.

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“…This study agrees with what [15], indicated that stressed birds As a result of the transportation process and the temperature rising above the natural limits, they resort to cooling their bodies by evaporating water through the respiratory system and thus increasing the breathing rate, and this in turn leads to dehydration and thus a decrease in weight. It is worth noting that broilers do not contain sweat glands, so thermoregulation may fail during stress Convection, thus accumulating heat and increasing the temperature it is forced to increase the respiration rate to lower the body temperature and dehydration occurs leading to weight loss [16], [17], [18]. To mitigate the harmful effect of transport stress and heat stress, several attempts were implemented using medicinal plants, through dietary intervention through feed and drinking water.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of spraying with the extract of the local anemone coronaria flowers and isoflurane in reducing the economic losses caused by stress of transporting broiler

Tamimi¹,

Shanoun²,

Mohammed³

2023

kujas

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The effect of the extract on the transport stress of broiler chickens transported during different seasons of the year was experimentally studied. During the months of February, March, July, August, and different regions of Iraq, with a density of 10 or 12 birds per cage, as the Ross 308 birds were divided into 10 treatments per move and three replicates for each treatment. The T1 treatment was control without spraying, and the number of birds was 10 in the cage. T2 control without spraying and the number of birds 12 in the cage. T3 Spraying the birds with an extract of local Anemone coronaria flowers at a concentration of 2% and the number of birds is 10 in the cage. T4 Spraying the birds with an extract of local Anemone coronaria flowers at a concentration of 4% and the number of birds 10 in the cage. T5 Spraying the birds with an extract of local Anemone coronaria flowers at a concentration of 6% and the number of birds 10 in the cage. T6 Spraying the birds with an extract of local Anemone coronaria flowers at a concentration of 2%. The number of birds is 12 in the cage. T7 Spraying the birds with an extract of local Anemone coronaria flowers at a concentration of 4%. The number of birds is 12 in the cage. T8 Spraying the birds with an extract of local Anemone coronaria flowers at a concentration of 6% and the number of birds is 12 in the cage. T9 Spraying birds with isoflurane at a concentration of 6%, the number of birds is 10 per cage. T10 Spraying birds with isoflurane at a concentration of 6%. The number of birds is 12 per cage ,The birds were sprayed for 5 minutes before the transfer process, according to the above treatments, and the duration of one transfer was 240 minutes ± 10 minutes, from the results of the field experiment, it can be noted that there was a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the rate of weight loss during the months of February and March, as the spraying treatments T5, T9, T10 recorded (81, 76, 78) grams, respectively, compared with the treatments T1, T2 (108, 109) grams, respectively, and this was reflected in the percentage of weight loss, as it recorded T5,T9, and T10 (3.01, 2.90, 3.19)% compared to the treatments T1, T2 (4.04, 4.07)%. While T5,T9 and T10 recorded (319.95,300.20, 308.10) Iraqi dinars are the least financial losses for the month of March, but during the summer season, it is noted that the lost weight decreased during the months of July and August in transactions T5,T9and T10 (186,180, 187,) gm, respectively, compared with T1, T2 (216, 220) gm Respectively, it is also noted that the percentage of loss in these transactions decreased, as it recorded T5,T9, T10, (7.71,7.11, 7.36,)%, respectively. It is noted that financial losses decreased in these transactions during the month of August, as it recorded T5, T9 and T10 (734.70, 711.00, 738.65) Iraqi dinars, respectively, compared with T1, T2 (853.200, 869.00) Iraqi dinars, respectively

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Effect of environmental conditions during transport on chick weight loss and mortality

Cited by 17 publications

References 34 publications

Welfare of domestic birds and rabbits transported in containers

Welfare of domestic birds and rabbits transported in containers

Welfare of broilers on farm

Effect of spraying with the extract of the local anemone coronaria flowers and isoflurane in reducing the economic losses caused by stress of transporting broiler

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