Sunflower Emergence and Initial Growth in Soil With Water Excess

Loose, Luís Henrique; Heldwein, Arno Bernardo; Lucas, Dionéia Daiane Pitol; Hinnah, Fernando Dill; Bortoluzzi, Mateus Possebon

doi:10.1590/1809-4430-eng.agric.v37n4p644-655/2017

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…In this study, the major reduction in seedling emergence appeared for inundations of more than 24 h duration. Similar results were reported by Loose et al [30] and Albuquerque and de Carvalho [31], who demonstrated that waterlogging for 48 h and water potential in excess of 0.0001 MPa sharply depresses sunflower emergence. However, waterlogging caused a more severe reduction in seed emergence for early sown than later sown sunflower.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Short-Term Waterlogging Depresses Early Growth of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) on Saline Soils with a Shallow Water Table in the Coastal Zone of Bangladesh

et al. 2021

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Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), which is widely grown globally for its high-quality edible oil, is reasonably salt and drought tolerant but it is susceptible to waterlogging. In the saline coastal zone of the Ganges delta, sunflower is often exposed to sudden heavy rainfall during early growth but plant tolerance to such events is not known. Hence, we evaluated the effect of short-term soil inundation (referred to as waterlogging) for 0, 24, 48 and 72 h on sunflower at emergence, 2-leaf, and 4-leaf stages in early- and late-sown crops under field conditions (saline, clay-textured soil, and shallow groundwater). Waterlogging for 24 h did not affect sunflower at any stage but waterlogging for 48 and 72 h suppressed emergence and growth at the 2 and 4-leaf stages. Waterlogging for 72 h completely prevented the emergence for early sowing, whereas emergence was less affected for later sowing. Shoot and root dry weight were most affected at the emergence and 2-leaf stage, not at the 4-leaf stage. In conclusion, waterlogging caused by more than 24 h soil inundation at up to the 4-leaf stage severely depressed emergence and growth, indicating the need for effective drainage at sowing of sunflower in the low-lying coastal saline zone of Bangladesh.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Short-Term Waterlogging Depresses Early Growth of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) on Saline Soils with a Shallow Water Table in the Coastal Zone of Bangladesh

et al. 2021

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“…This means that sunflower is less sensitive to water stress while it is more sensitive to excess water compared to the soybean. Excess water just after sowing or germination is stressful for sunflower: it affects the seedling emergence and the dry matter content of the roots (Loose et al, 2017). We also observed the development of secondary and adventitious roots near the soil surface at 20% moisture level, which is a reaction of sunflower to excess water (Yasumoto et al, 2011).…”

Section: Heterotrophic Growthmentioning

confidence: 56%

Genetic Variability for Early Growth Traits in Second Season Sunflower

Lamichhane

Wojciechowski²,

Bourgeois³

et al. 2022

Front. Agron.

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Sowing a second season crop following the harvest of a first crop (hereafter referred to as double cropping) is a practice that allows for temporal diversification of cropping systems to increase the efficiency of land use and yield per unit area while improving the ecosystem services. Sunflower is particularly suitable for double cropping, especially under the current context of Southern Europe. However, planting sunflower in double cropping may result in poor establishment as the crop is very demanding in terms of seedbed preparations. In addition, most sunflower varieties available to date belong to late maturity groups (MGs), which were bred for conventional cropping. Planting these varieties in double cropping may further exacerbate the risk of crop establishment failure. Here, we performed laboratory and growth chamber phenotyping of 11 hybrid oilseed sunflower varieties with contrasting MGs and assessed their field performance for two consecutive years (2020 and 2021). We measured the variables, such as seed germination, seedling emergence dynamics and final rates, and post-emergence damage, as these characteristics are important for a uniform and robust crop establishment. Under laboratory conditions, we found statistically significant effect of varieties on cardinal temperatures and water potential for germination. Under growth chamber conditions, the maximum heterotrophic growth of the hypocotyl was higher (i.e., 85 mm) compared to that of the radicle (i.e., 80 mm). The seedling mortality rates under soil aggregates ranged from 0 to 12%, depending on the size and spatial distribution of soil aggregates in the seedbed. Under field conditions, the final rates of seed germination ranged from 87 to 98% and from 99 to 100%, while those of the seedling emergence ranged from 58 to 87% and from 78 to 94%, in 2020 and 2021, respectively. The average final rates of postemergence damage ranged from 13 to 44% and from 3 to 18% in 2020 and 2021, respectively. Bird damage was the main cause of pre- and postemergence losses. We found that a good sunflower establishment in double cropping is possible in the southwestern conditions of France, provided that there is no water stress in the seedbed. An optimal seedbed moisture ensures a rapid crop emergence and limits pre-and postemergence damage due to birds, by reducing the duration of the crop establishment phase, which is highly vulnerable to bird damage.

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“…Means followed by the same letter, lowercase between bars with the same color, uppercase between bars with different colors and Greek letters between leaching and sunflower cultivation, do not differ by Tukey test at p ≤ 0.05. C -control (without treatment); G -agricultural gypsum; BM -bovine manure; RH -Rice husk; CF -coconut diber; G + BMgypsum + bovine manure; G + RH -gypsum + rice husk; G + CF -gypsum + coconut fiber obtained after leaching, may have been due to the absence of leaching because the water depths applied were calculated based on crop evapotranspiration as it does not tolerate soil with a high moisture content for a long time (Loose et al, 2017). The efficiency of gypsum and organic matter in reducing soil salinity may be more related to the reaction time than the applied mass.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saline-sodic soil treated with gypsum, organic sources and leaching for successive cultivation of sunflower and rice

Santos

Cavalcante

Gheyi

et al. 2019

Rev. bras. eng. agríc. ambient.

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Correction of saline and sodic soils aims to reduce salts dissolved in the solution and exchangeable sodium, respectively, to allow the growth and production of crops. In this context, an experiment was carried out between August/2011 and September/2012, in saline-sodic soil of the Irrigated Perimeter of São Gonçalo, in the municipality of Sousa, PB, Brazil. Agricultural gypsum, organic sources and continuous leaching for reducing salinity, sodicity and alkalinity in the saline-sodic soil and their effects on the production of the sunflower cultivar Embrapa 122/V-2000 and the rice variety Diamante were evaluated. The treatments were distributed in four randomized blocks and the soil was subjected to continuous leaching for 50 days and evaluated for salinity, sodicity and alkalinity before and after leaching, as well after sunflower and rice cultivation, in the 0-0.20 and 0.20-0.40 m layers. Leaching and the application of gypsum and organic sources reduced the initial salinity in both soil layers, to a greater extent in the surface layer. Exchangeable sodium decreased in 0-0.20 m and increased in 0.20-0.40 m. After rice cultivation, the soil in the 0-0.20 m layer changed from saline-sodic to non-saline in the treatments gypsum + bovine manure and gypsum + rice husk. The reduction of salinity, sodicity and alkalinity in the soil was higher during rice cultivation than during sunflower cultivation.

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Sunflower Emergence and Initial Growth in Soil With Water Excess

Cited by 11 publications

References 17 publications

Short-Term Waterlogging Depresses Early Growth of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) on Saline Soils with a Shallow Water Table in the Coastal Zone of Bangladesh

Short-Term Waterlogging Depresses Early Growth of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) on Saline Soils with a Shallow Water Table in the Coastal Zone of Bangladesh

Genetic Variability for Early Growth Traits in Second Season Sunflower

Saline-sodic soil treated with gypsum, organic sources and leaching for successive cultivation of sunflower and rice

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