Medication Disposal: A Reflection About Possible Sanitary and Environmental Risks

Ramos, Hayssa Moraes Pintel; Cruvinel, Vanessa Resende Nogueira; Meiners, Micheline Marie Milward de Azevedo; Queiroz, Camila Araújo; Galato, Dayani

doi:10.1590/1809-4422asoc0295r1v2042017

Cited by 16 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…Among the 393 interviewees, 73.6% had already discarded drugs in the commom waste. It presents the need to incorporate the theme into specific policies and media [14]. Other measures required include the improving of selective collection through strengthening environmental education and the installation of open skips and recycling bins, where residents are encouraged to place garbage around the city including appropriate facilities to discard the medical waste correctly.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Waste pickers working with solid waste, however, are more vulnerable, as they spend a large proportion of their time exposed to the risks [1]. In addition to this, significant failure to comply with public health legislation on the discarding of health waste from the health services and from people’s homes further increases these workers’ exposure to the risks [14]. It should be emphasized that these workers experience appalling living conditions, are characterized by low educational levels, have low incomes and receive limited support from their governments, particularly in Asia, Africa and South America [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Health conditions and occupational risks in a novel group: waste pickers in the largest open garbage dump in Latin America

Cruvinel

Marques

Cardoso³

et al. 2019

BMC Public Health

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Background The inadequate management of solid waste impacts populations’ health and quality of life, and disproportionately affects developing countries. This study aims to describe a protocol for epidemiological diagnosis, the purpose being to estimate the prevalence of chronic and communicable and non communicable diseases in waste pickers, and the occupational and environmental risk factors to which these are exposed. Methods This is a cross-sectional study, based on survey design in an area of extreme social vulnerability – the largest garbage dump in Latin America. Using a multidimensional research protocol, divided in three stages : 1- The identification of the subjects, and the scheduling of tests; 2- Situational diagnosis through interviews, anthropometric evaluation, measuring blood pressure, collecting hair and nail samples to detect exposure to heavy metals and undertaking laboratory tests; 3- The return of the waste pickers to receive the test results, followed by referral to the health team and to report occupational accidents. Results One thousand twenty-five waste pickers undertook tests and interviews. The majority were women (67.0%), with 36–45 years old (45.7%), and 96.0% had children. In total, 27.3% of the participants did not attend to any school and 47.7% were educated only up to primary level. The majority of waste pickers (68.70%) reported accidents and most of them (89.69%) were related to sharp objects. The mean time working in this open dump was 15 years. According the anthropometric measure, 32.6% were overweight and 21.1% were obese. The most common reported diseases were: osteomuscular disorders (78.7%); arboviruses (28.6%); episodic diarrhea (24.9%); hypertension (24.2%); bronchitis (14.3%); intestinal worms (12.6%) and diabetes (10.1%). According to the blood tests, the values outside the reference limits were: Uric acid (23.89%); creatinine (54.06%); GGT range (16.04%); SGOT - Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (5.29%); SGPT - serum Glutamic-Pyruvic Transaminase (35.52%). Conclusions This study is the first to evaluate multiple risks and diseases in the majority of waste pickers working in the largest garbage dump of a continent. These findings highlight the importance to address urgently the environmental, social and health impacts related to the management of solid waste in developmental countries to protect these workers and their families. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-019-6879-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health conditions and occupational risks in a novel group: waste pickers in the largest open garbage dump in Latin America

Cruvinel

Marques

Cardoso³

et al. 2019

BMC Public Health

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“…(Michael, et al, 2019) trouxe como dado novo um dado em seu estudo, 31,8% da população estudada descartava os medicamentos através da Agência Nacional de Administração e Controle de Alimentos e Medicamentos. (Ramos, et al, 2017) notou que o descarte adequado esteve fortemente associado a fatores como a maior escolaridade, maior classificação econômica, sexo masculino e ao fato de ter recebido informação sobre o tema.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Efeitos do descarte de medicamentos no meio ambiente

Sousa

et al. 2020

RSD

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Medicines are chemicals that are manipulated to bring therapeutic effects to people. Every day it is possible to observe its importance in society, either helping in the treatment of some pathology or favoring a better quality of life. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects caused by the disposal of medicines in the environment. In order to carry out the present study, a bibliographic survey was carried out in the Medline, VHL and Pubmed databases, from 2014 to 2020, in the English and Portuguese languages that fit the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 10 articles were selected. In all the studies evaluated, the authors unanimously concluded that the majority of the population is unaware of the means of correctly disposing of medicines and the harmful impacts they cause on the environment. Therefore, this review demonstrated that despite having several studies on this issue, there is still a great lack of information regarding the population.

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“…O estudo realizado por Ramos et al (2017) coincide com os dados sobre a verificação do prazo de validade dos medicamentos, que foram realizadas por 75,2% dos entrevistados, 66,5% na hora do uso do medicamento.…”

Section: Methodsunclassified

Percepção de universitários de Campo Grande sobre o descarte de medicamentos domiciliares e seus impactos ao meio ambiente

Gonzales

Ferreira

2020

Ensaios Ciênc.

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Os resíduos de medicamentos vêm se tornando uma problemática ambiental, com produção, consumo indiscriminado e descarte inadequados de medicamentos domiciliares, aumentando o crescimento do mercado farmacêutico com a “farmácia caseira”, promovido pela compra de medicamentos as vezes sem prescrição médica, armazenamento para utilização futura, automedicação por conta própria ou por indicação de pessoas não habilitadas. O objetivo é identificar o armazenamento, a automedicação e o descarte dos medicamentos utilizados pelos acadêmicos em seus domicílios. A metodologia consiste na aplicação de um questionário com perguntas abertas e fechadas (múltiplas escolhas) preenchido pelo próprio entrevistado, sendo dirigida a 552 acadêmicos do campus agrárias da Universidade Uniderp. Os resultados indicaram que (68,6%) dos participantes descartam inadequadamente por falta de conhecimento sobre o assunto. Questionados a respeito de como deveriam ser feitas as orientações relacionadas ao descarte mais adequado de medicamentos, os profissionais de saúde foram os mais citados como possíveis agentes executores dessa atividade. Quanto aos instrumentos para a sensibilização sobre o descarte mais adequado, os mais citados são televisão, rádio, revistas, Internet tendo como uma ferramenta importante no processo de orientação (32.8%); panfletos, folders (9.9%); Campanhas nas instituições de ensino e unidades de saúde (7.6%) ; palestras e pontos de recolhimento (6.3%); orientação dos funcionários que fornecem os medicamentos (2.9%); conscientização do descarte correto e recolhimento específico (2.7%); campanha educativa para população e mais locais de descarte (2.3%); campanhas através dos agentes comunitários de saúde (2%); e entre outros meios de divulgação citados no estudo.

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Medication Disposal: A Reflection About Possible Sanitary and Environmental Risks

Cited by 16 publications

References 12 publications

Health conditions and occupational risks in a novel group: waste pickers in the largest open garbage dump in Latin America

Health conditions and occupational risks in a novel group: waste pickers in the largest open garbage dump in Latin America

Efeitos do descarte de medicamentos no meio ambiente

Percepção de universitários de Campo Grande sobre o descarte de medicamentos domiciliares e seus impactos ao meio ambiente

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