Chemical composition of phytoplankton from the estuaries of Eastern Amazonia

Abstract

Phytoplankton is important bioindicator of chemical and biological modifications of natural ecosystems. The objective of this study was to determine the total chemical composition of the phytoplankton of the Pará and Mocajuba estuaries on the eastern coast of the Amazon region in the Brazilian state of Pará. The chemical composition of the surface water, bottom sediments (total sample and bioavailable fraction), and the phytoplankton were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Phytoplankton contained high concentrations of Ca, P, Mn, Fe, Zn, Al, Ba, and Pb. The phytoplankton of the Mocajuba estuary is rich in Fe (2,967-84,750 µg g ), probably reflecting divergent anthropogenic inputs. Both samples indicated a high bioconcentration factor derived from both the water and the bioavailable fraction, reflecting the efficiency of these organisms in the concentration of metals. KEYWORDS: Sediments, trace metals, plankton, surface water Composição química do fitoplâncton de estuários da Amazônia oriental RESUMO O fitoplancton é de grande importância para os estudos das interações solo-água, como indicadores de modificações químicas e biológicas nos ecossistemas naturais. O objetivo desse estudo foi determinar a composição química total do fitoplâncton nos estuários do rio Pará e Mocajuba (Pará, Brasil). As análises químicas foram realizadas na água superficial, sedimento de fundo (amostra total e fração biodisponível) e no fitoplancton, por espectrometria óptica e de massa com plasma indutivamente acoplado. A composição química elementar do fitoplancton é composta por elevadas concentrações de Ca, P, Mn, Fe, Zn, Al, Ba e Pb. O fitoplancton do estuário do rio Mocajuba é rico em Fe (2.967 a 84.750 µg g

Effect of environmental factors on the fatty acid profiles and physicochemical composition of oysters ( Crassostrea gasar ) in Amazon estuarine farming

“…Oysters store energy in the form of glycogen instead of fat (Berthelin, Kellner, & Mathieu, 2000;Dridi, Romdhane, & Elcafsi, 2007;Gabbott, 1983;Thompson & Macdonald, 1990). Therefore, we can infer that the nutritional condition of oyster meat observed in the present study was related to increased food availability in the environment, which occurred during the rainy season (Sousa et al, 2013;Vilhena et al, 2014), favouring the uptake of nutrients necessary for the synthesis of glycogen, proteins and lipids related to oocyte growth and maturation in bivalves (Ojea et al, 2004;Oliveira et al, 2018;Paixão et al, 2013;Rodríguez-Jaramillo et al, 2008;Lagade, Taware, & Muley, 2015, Shi, Wu, Zhou, You, &Ke, 2019.…”

“…Consequently high phytoplankton biomass (Costa, Attayde, & Becker, 2016;Vilhena, Costa, Berrêdo, Paiva, & Almeida, 2014). The interactions among type and abundance of phytoplankton, temperature, salinity and local hydrodynamics modulate metabolic activities for growth and reproduction of bivalves (Matos, Oliveira, Pereira, & Costa, 2016), because they supply essential fatty acids (Biandolino, Prato, & Caroppo, 2008;Lee, Yoon, & Oh, 1998;Prato, Biandolino, Parlapiano, Giandomenico, et al, 2019).…”

Polyethylene Identification in Ocean Water Samples by Means of 50 keV Energy Electron Beam

“…Figures [25][26][27][28][29] show the fluxes and photon energy spectra and the different behaviors as a function of polyethylene contamination on 3 discrete energy bins.…”

“…Ocean water also contains microorganisms, live matter and not, such as viruses, bacteria, and microorganisms like plankton with a different PO 4 phosphorus content [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. Viruses, for example, are intracellular parasites composed of a nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat, the capsid.…”

Effect of seasonality and estuarine waters on the phytoplankton of the Guamá River (Belém, Amazon, Brazil)

“…This oceanic influence also acts on the tidal regimes at the mouth of the Guamá River, which is reflected in the composition of phytoplankton species, since it is formed mainly by marine diatoms (Paiva et al 2006), which predominate in estuarine environments (Moser et al 2002, Paiva et al 2006, Leão et al 2008, Monteiro et al 2009, Sousa et al 2009, Vilhena et al 2014, Reis et al 2020, Cereja et al 2021, Sá et al 2022. Amazonian white-water rivers (Sioli & Klinge 1962) have low density, and diatoms are the leading phytoplankton group (Sousa et al 2013).…”