Option selection in whole-body rotation movements in gymnastics

Abstract

When a gymnast performs a somersault, the linear and angular momentum along with a particular control of inertia during the flight phase constrain the possibilities for action. Given the complexity and dynamic nature of the human moving system, one could argue that there exist a particular amount of stable coordination states when performing somersaults. The goal of this study was to explore the manifold of movement options and coordination states along with their differentiating parameters for a single somersault in gymnastics based on a simple mathematical model reflecting gymnast’s rotation behavior during the flight phase. Biomechanical parameters determining rotation behavior during a somersault were systematically varied with regard to a particular set of biomechanical constraints defining a successful somersault performance. Batch simulations revealed that from 10229760 simulation cycles only 655346 (approximately 6.41%) led to successful somersault performance. A subsequent analysis of the movement option landscape for the optimum angular momentum revealed ten coordination states for a single somersault that could be clearly distinguished based on the simulation parameters. Taken the results together, it becomes apparent that it may be most advisable to perform a single somersault with a larger moment of inertia when achieving the tucked position, a longer duration to achieve the tucked position, a longer duration of staying tucked, and an intermediate moment of inertia during landing. This strategy comprises the largest amount of movement options associated with an upright landing and thus the highest probability of success when performing a single somersault.

Biomecânica da aterrissagem de duplo mortal estendido na barra fixa

“…As propriedades biomecânicas que compõem os elementos ginásticos de voos ginásticos (YEADON, 1990b(YEADON, , 1990a(YEADON, , 1990cATHA;HALES, 1990;LEE, 1990;BRÜGGEMANN et al, 1994;YEADON, 1997;DUNN, 1997b;SMITH, 1998;HILEY, 2014;HILEY, 2018) e os efeitos dessas propriedades nas condições de aterrissagem (REQUEJO; FLASHNER, 2002FLASHNER, , 2004SHEETS;HUBBARD, 2007;HEINEN;NICOLAUS, 2016;GITTOES et al, 2011;GITTOES;KERWIN, 2013 (0 -54) giro gigante em postura estendida: início em apoio na barra fixa ( = 90º) e finalização após um arco de 585º, na metade do 4º quadrante;…”

“…Parâmetros de entrada para a simulação das possibilidades de sucesso para aterrissagem de mortal grupado para frente (adaptado de HEINEN; NICOLAUS, 2016).Figura 24. Limites críticos para a subdivisão das fases de voo (esquerda) e intervalo de momento de inércia assumido pelo corpo durante a simulação do mortal grupado para frente(HEINEN;NICOLAUS, 2016).Figura 25. Projeção do potencial de aterrissagem (sucesso = 0,00; falha = 1,00) em mortal para frente grupado com quantidade de movimento de 39 Nms (HEINEN; NICOLAUS, 2016).…”