Atitudes em relação ao exercício e insatisfação com a imagem corporal de frequentadores de academia

Abstract

ResumoO presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a presença de insatisfação com a imagem corporal e de atitudes negativas em relação ao exercício, bem como a correlação entre estes fatores, em frequentadores de academia de ambos os sexos. Uma amostra de 100 desportistas (67 mulheres e 33 homens) respondeu eletronicamente o Questionário de Imagem Corporal (Body Shape Questionnaire) e a Commitment Exercise Scale (CES). Os participantes relataram massa corporal, estatura, tempo de frequência na academia e objetivos da prática. Análise de correlação de Pearson entre BSQ e CES foi realizada, bem como comparação dos escores da CES segundo classificação da BSQ pelo teste T de Student. Diferenças entre os sexos foram avaliadas com modelo linear geral. Modelos de regressão linear testaram preditores para satisfação corporal ou atitudes em relação ao exercício. As mulheres apresentaram maior insatisfação com a imagem corporal (p < 0,001) e não houve diferença entre os sexos nas atitudes em relação ao exercício. Não foi encontrada correlação entre a insatisfação com a imagem corporal e as atitudes em relação ao exercício, mas houve correlação positiva entre o Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) e a insatisfação com a imagem corporal (p = 0,001 para homens; p = 0,002 para mulheres). O tempo de frequência na academia foi preditor de atitudes negativas em relação ao exercício (R2 = 0,580), e o IMC e uma menor importância do lazer para a prática de exercício foram preditores de insatisfação corporal (R2 = 0,368). Sugere-se a realização de estudos semelhantes que avaliem outros aspectos da imagem corporal, tal como a busca pela muscularidade.

Body image in women participants of strength training: association with sociodemographic factors and practice time

“…The prevalence of BI dissatisfaction was 13% and the goals of the women who practice ST presented an association with the outcome, which indicates a bigger dissatisfaction among those who practiced with the goal of losing weight and in those whose practice time is longer than 6 months. Our findings diverge from those found by Costa et al 5 , who evaluated the presence of BI dissatisfaction in gym goers and observed that 34.3% presented moderate and severe BI dissatisfaction, and from the results found by Silva et al 9 who found 52.0% of women who practice ST with the same degree of dissatisfaction. Young women idealize a slim body because of aesthetic standards, becoming a risk group for presenting self-image dissatisfaction 5 .…”

“…However, these beauty standards are unreachable for the majority of the population, which generates exaggerated concerns with one's appearance and dissatisfaction with one's own body image (BI) 1,4 . In Brazil, the evidences show an elevated prevalence of BI dissatisfaction among adult females 5,6 and, 67% have shown to be dissatisfied 7,8 . Given the high rate 5,6 , it is common to observe, among this crowd, a quest for strategies to improve this scenario, whether by the involuntary development of eating disorders or by performing physical exercises, such as water aerobics, walking and strength training (ST) [9][10][11] .…”

“…Women practitioners of ST show an intense worry regarding their bodies, which causes them to have strong self-criticism towards it. Thus, some studies have found moderate (52%) and severe (34.3%) levels of BI dissatisfaction in women who practice ST regularly [5][6][7][8][9] . Therefore, it is believed that there are factors that identify the relationship between BI and women.…”

Level of Physical Activity on the Body Image of Young Women

“…The main findings were that the practice of physical activity at different levels does not influence the corporal satisfaction and the body esthetic of young women. The groups studied did not present any differences regarding BSQ, which corroborates the results found by Costa et al, 19 who stated that they did not obtain a correlation between physical exercise and BSQ scores. Rech et al 20 found a high level of body dissatisfaction among practitioners with moderate to high levels of physical activity, contrary to the findings of the present study.…”

“…The group with low/moderate levels, as expected, showed a lower weekly (minutes per week) level of physical activity of mild, moderate and vigorous intensity when compared with the group with high levels (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the groups regarding age (p ¼ 0.12; low/moderate: 23 [18-35] years old versus high: 22 [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] years old), but there was a significant difference regarding height (p ¼ 0.004; low/moderate: 1.61 AE 0.06 m versus high: 1.65 AE 0.06 m) (►Table 1).…”