Saliva as a tool for monitoring hemodialysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Rodrigues, Raphael Silva; Vieira, Walbert de Andrade; Siqueira, Walter L.; Agostini, Bernardo Antônio; Moffa, Eduardo Buozi; Paranhos, Luiz Renato

doi:10.1590/1807-3107bor-2021.vol35.0016

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Caixeta et al [ 20 ] demonstrated that salivary glucose was a potential outcome for screening, diagnosing, and monitoring DM, as they found a 95.2% accuracy of the laboratory test of salivary glucose in response to blood glucose. According to Rodrigues et al [ 21 ], saliva contains biomarkers such as different proteins, fatty acids, and carbs that, similarly to blood, can reflect changes in human physiological activities, and so may serve as an alternative source for the early identification and monitoring of DM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlations of Salivary and Blood Glucose Levels among Six Saliva Collection Methods

Cui

Zhang

Zhu

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Background: Saliva has been studied as a better indicator of disorders and diseases than blood. Specifically, the salivary glucose level is considered to be an indicator of diabetes mellitus (DM). However, saliva collection methods can affect the salivary glucose level, thereby affecting the correlation between salivary glucose and blood glucose. Therefore, this study aims to identify an ideal saliva collection method and to use this method to determine the population and individual correlations between salivary glucose and blood glucose levels in DM patients and healthy controls. Finally, an analysis of the stability of the individual correlations is conducted. Methods: This study included 40 age-matched DM patients and 40 healthy controls. In the fasting state, saliva was collected using six saliva collection methods, venous blood was collected simultaneously from each study participant, and both samples were analyzed at the same time using glucose oxidase peroxidase. A total of 20 DM patients and 20 healthy controls were arbitrarily selected from the above participants for one week of daily testing. The correlations between salivary glucose and blood glucose before and after breakfast were analyzed. Finally, 10 DM patients and 10 healthy controls were arbitrarily selected for one month of daily testing to analyze the stability of individual correlations. Results: Salivary glucose levels were higher in DM patients than healthy controls for the six saliva collection methods. Compared with unstimulated saliva, stimulated saliva had decreased glucose level and increased salivary flow. In addition, unstimulated parotid salivary glucose was most correlated with blood glucose level (R2 = 0.9153), and the ROC curve area was 0.9316, which could accurately distinguish DM patients. Finally, it was found that the correlations between salivary glucose and blood glucose in different DM patients were quite different. The average correlation before breakfast was 0.83, and the average correlation after breakfast was 0.77. The coefficient of variation of the correlation coefficient before breakfast within 1 month was less than 5%. Conclusion: Unstimulated parotid salivary glucose level is the highest and is most correlated with blood glucose level, which can be accurately used to distinguish DM patients. Meanwhile, the correlation between salivary glucose and blood glucose was found to be relatively high and stable before breakfast. In general, the unstimulated parotid salivary glucose before breakfast presents an ideal saliva collecting method with which to replace blood-glucose use to detect DM, which provides a reference for the prediction of DM.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlations of Salivary and Blood Glucose Levels among Six Saliva Collection Methods

Cui

Zhang

Zhu

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…The risk of bias was considered high when 49% of the responses relating to the study in question were "yes" answers, moderate when 50% to 69% of the responses were "yes" and low when more than 70% of the responses were "yes". 29…”

Section: Risk Of Individual Bias Of the Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of salivary alpha-2-macroglobulin with glycemia and glycated hemoglobin in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis study

et al. 2022

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“…Both chronic kidney diseases and its treatment can cause tissue and systemic alterations and directly affect the flow, concentration, and salivary composition. As a result of kidney failure, subsequently excess fluid intake leads to edema that affects the weight among patients undergoing hemodialysis (Rodrigues et al, 2021;and Mahmoodi et al, 2017). Hemodialysis is a life-saving treatment for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) but is burdensome, invasive and expensive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Sugar Free Gum Chewing on Thirst and Interdialytic Weight Gain among Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis

Mohamed,

Abdullah,

Ameen

et al. 2023

Menoufia Nursing Journal

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Thirst is a frustrating symptom for patients on hemodialysis; mechanisms that contribute to its development include low saliva flow. An increased intake of fluids secondary to thirst in patients on hemodialysis will result in excessive interdialytic weigh gain. Increased mastication in the form of gum chewing can increase saliva flow rates, decrease thirst and interdialytic weight. Purpose: to examine the effect of sugar free gum chewing on thirst and interdialytic weight gain (IWG) among patients undergoing hemodialysis. Design: A quasi-experimental design was utilized. Setting: Hemodialysis unit in Menouf general hospital, Egypt. Sampling: Consecutive sample of 90 adult patients of both genders were divided alternatively into three equal groups 30 patients in each (study group 1, study group 2 and control group). Instruments: (1) Structured Interview questionnaire, (2) Dialysis Thirst Inventory and (3) Bio-physiological measurements. Results: There was a significant improvement in thirst sensation and significant decrease in interdialytic weight among studied groups than control group. Conclusions: Using of gum chewing alleviate thirst sensation and significantly decreases interdialytic weight gain among patients undergoing hemodialysis. Recommendations: Gum chewing should be encouraged and added to the management protocol for patients undergoing hemodialysis for positive effect on, alleviate thirst sensation, help compliance to fluid restriction, control of interdialytic weight gain and improve the quality of life moreover; further research studies using a larger sample and different geographical areas.

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Saliva as a tool for monitoring hemodialysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 7 publications

References 31 publications

Correlations of Salivary and Blood Glucose Levels among Six Saliva Collection Methods

Correlations of Salivary and Blood Glucose Levels among Six Saliva Collection Methods

Association of salivary alpha-2-macroglobulin with glycemia and glycated hemoglobin in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis study

Effect of Sugar Free Gum Chewing on Thirst and Interdialytic Weight Gain among Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis

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