Correlations of Salivary and Blood Glucose Levels among Six Saliva Collection Methods

Cui, Yangyang; Zhang, Hankun; Zhu, Jia; Liao, Zhenhua; Wang, Song; Liu, Weiqiang

doi:10.3390/ijerph19074122

Cited by 24 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…Finally, fasting saliva was the main research object in the current research. As stated in detail in our previous study, there is a strong positive association between enzymatically determined blood and salivary glucose in DM patients, and salivary glucose levels can differ considerably among DM patients [ 12 , 13 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Obtaining a Reliable Diagnostic Biomarker for Diabetes Mellitus by Standardizing Salivary Glucose Measurements

et al. 2022

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Salivary glucose is frequently utilized in diabetes mellitus (DM), and it might be proposed as a potential biomarker candidate for DM, as it is non-invasive and cost-effective and achieves adequate diagnostic performance for DM patients. However, salivary glucose levels may change under specific conditions. It is consequently essential to maintain a consistent strategy for measuring saliva, taking into account the possibility of external factors influencing salivary glucose levels. In this study, we analyzed salivary glucose levels under different handling conditions and donor-dependent factors, including age, interdiurnal variations, and collection and processing methods. A structured questionnaire was used to determine the symptoms and predisposing factors of DM. The glucose oxidase peroxidase method was used to estimate glucose levels in the blood and saliva of people in a fasting state. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of such conditions on salivary glucose levels. We found that these extraneous variables should be taken into account in the future when salivary glucose is used as a predictive biomarker for DM.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Our findings indicate that alterations in salivary glucose levels are unique to DM. This possible biomarker exhibited accurate parameters with extremely high sensitivity and specificity, in addition to being noninvasive and cost-effective [ 12 , 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obtaining a Reliable Diagnostic Biomarker for Diabetes Mellitus by Standardizing Salivary Glucose Measurements

et al. 2022

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“…In this study, Pearson’s correlation coefficient CC ( Puth et al, 2014 ; Liu et al, 2021 ; Cui et al, 2022 )and relative difference measurement star (RDMS) ( Figuera et al, 2016 ) are used to quantify the similarity between the calculated and actual DF and the DP maps, thereby evaluating several EMD-based solutions to the inverse problem.

…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solving the inverse problem in electrocardiography imaging for atrial fibrillation using various time-frequency decomposition techniques based on empirical mode decomposition: A comparative study

Zhang

Lian

2022

Front. Physiol.

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Electrocardiographic imaging (ECGI) can aid in identifying the driving sources that cause and sustain atrial fibrillation (AF). Traditional regularization strategies for addressing the ECGI inverse problem are not currently concerned about the multi-scale analysis of the inverse problem, and these techniques are not clinically reliable. We have previously investigated the solution based on uniform phase mode decomposition (UPEMD-based) to the ECGI inverse problem. Numerous other methods for the time-frequency analysis derived from empirical mode decomposition (EMD-based) have not been applied to the inverse problem in ECGI. By applying many EMD-based solutions to the ECGI inverse problem and evaluating the performance of these solutions, we hope to find a more efficient EMD-based solution to the ECGI inverse problem. In this study, five AF simulation datasets and two real datasets from AF patients derived from a clinical ablation procedure are employed to evaluate the operating efficiency of several EMD-based solutions. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient (CC), the relative difference measurement star (RDMS) of the computed epicardial dominant frequency (DF) map and driver probability (DP) map, and the distance (Dis) between the estimated and referenced most probable driving sources are used to evaluate the application of various EMD-based solutions in ECGI. The results show that for DF maps on all simulation datasets, the CC of UPEMD-based and improved UPEMD (IUPEMD)-based techniques are both greater than 0.95 and the CC of the empirical wavelet transform (EWT)-based solution is greater than 0.889, and the RDMS of UPEMD-based and IUPEMD-based approaches is less than 0.3 overall and the RDMS of EWT-based method is less than 0.48, performing better than other EMD-based solutions; for DP maps, the CC of UPEMD-based and IUPEMD-based techniques are close to 0.5, the CC of EWT-based is 0.449, and the CC of the remaining EMD-based techniques on the SAF and CAF is all below 0.1; the RDMS of UPEMD-based and IUPEMD-based are 0.06∼0.9 less than that of other EMD-based methods for all the simulation datasets overall. On two authentic AF datasets, the Dis between the first 10 real and estimated maximum DF positions of UPEMD-based and EWT-based methods are 212∼1440 less than that of others, demonstrating these two EMD-based solutions are superior and are suggested for clinical application in solving the ECGI inverse problem. On all datasets, EWT-based algorithms deconstruct the signal in the shortest time (no more than 0.12s), followed by UPEMD-based solutions (less than 0.81s), showing that these two schemes are more efficient than others.

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“…Sixth, regarding prediction reliability and uncertainty quantification, the current applications of ML in the spinal imaging field (nay, in the entire biomedical informatics field) generally seem to focus on the prediction task, and the model performance is evaluated with such metrics as accuracy, ROC, and sensitivity [ 127 , 128 , 129 , 130 ]. However, the much lower attended reliability and uncertainty of the predictions can be of great significance in medical diagnosis [ 131 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial Intelligence in Spinal Imaging: Current Status and Future Directions

Cui

Zhu

Duan

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Spinal maladies are among the most common causes of pain and disability worldwide. Imaging represents an important diagnostic procedure in spinal care. Imaging investigations can provide information and insights that are not visible through ordinary visual inspection. Multiscale in vivo interrogation has the potential to improve the assessment and monitoring of pathologies thanks to the convergence of imaging, artificial intelligence (AI), and radiomic techniques. AI is revolutionizing computer vision, autonomous driving, natural language processing, and speech recognition. These revolutionary technologies are already impacting radiology, diagnostics, and other fields, where automated solutions can increase precision and reproducibility. In the first section of this narrative review, we provide a brief explanation of the many approaches currently being developed, with a particular emphasis on those employed in spinal imaging studies. The previously documented uses of AI for challenges involving spinal imaging, including imaging appropriateness and protocoling, image acquisition and reconstruction, image presentation, image interpretation, and quantitative image analysis, are then detailed. Finally, the future applications of AI to imaging of the spine are discussed. AI has the potential to significantly affect every step in spinal imaging. AI can make images of the spine more useful to patients and doctors by improving image quality, imaging efficiency, and diagnostic accuracy.

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Correlations of Salivary and Blood Glucose Levels among Six Saliva Collection Methods

Cited by 24 publications

References 51 publications

Obtaining a Reliable Diagnostic Biomarker for Diabetes Mellitus by Standardizing Salivary Glucose Measurements

Obtaining a Reliable Diagnostic Biomarker for Diabetes Mellitus by Standardizing Salivary Glucose Measurements

Solving the inverse problem in electrocardiography imaging for atrial fibrillation using various time-frequency decomposition techniques based on empirical mode decomposition: A comparative study

Artificial Intelligence in Spinal Imaging: Current Status and Future Directions

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