Presence of langerhans cells, regulatory T cells (Treg) and mast cells in asymptomatic apical periodontitis

Bergamini, M; Mardegan, Andressa Pinto; Rosa, C. A. Santa; Palmieri, Michelle; Sarmento, Dmitry José de Santana; Hiraki, Karen Renata Nakamura; Costa, André Luiz Ferreira; Hasséus, Bengt; Jonasson, Peter; Braz‐Silva, Paulo Henrique

doi:10.1590/1807-3107bor-2020.vol34.0108

Cited by 10 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…When a mast cell becomes degranulated/activated, the secretory granules release tryptases along with other extracellular matrix mediators [ 13 ]. Mast cells are said to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis and progression of periapical lesions, especially in PCs, leading to their expansion, resorption of bone, vasodilatation and angiogenesis, an inflammatory cell response, and increased content of cystic fluid [ 26 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interplay of collagen and mast cells in periapical granulomas and periapical cysts: a comparative polarizing microscopic and immunohistochemical study

et al. 2022

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Objectives This pilot study aimed to establish the interrelationship between collagen and mast cells in periapical granulomas and periapical cysts. Materials and Methods An observational cross-sectional study was conducted on the paraffin-embedded tissue sections of 68 specimens (34 periapical granulomas and 34 periapical cysts). The specimens were stained with picrosirius to observe collagen fiber birefringence and anti-tryptase antibody to evaluate the mast cell count immunohistochemically. The mean number and birefringence of collagen fibers, as well as the mean number of mast cells (total, granulated, and degranulated), and the mean inflammatory cell density were calculated. The data obtained were analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis test, Mann Whitney U test, and Spearman correlation test ( p < 0.05). Results The mean number of thick collagen fibers was higher in periapical cysts, while that of thin fibers was higher in granulomas ( p = 0.00). Cysts emitted orange-yellow to red birefringence, whereas periapical granulomas had predominantly green fibers ( p = 0.00). The mean inflammatory cell density was comparable in all groups ( p = 0.129). The number of total, degranulated, and granulated mast cells exhibited significant results ( p = 0.00) in both groups. Thick cyst fibers showed significant inverse correlations with inflammation and degranulated mast cells ( p = 0.041, 0.04 respectively). Conclusions Mast cells and inflammatory cells influenced the nature of collagen fiber formation and its birefringence. This finding may assist in the prediction of the nature, pathogenesis, and biological behavior of periapical lesions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interplay of collagen and mast cells in periapical granulomas and periapical cysts: a comparative polarizing microscopic and immunohistochemical study

et al. 2022

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“…The dendritic cells morphology was observed in the middle thirds and on the epithelium surface, whereas the rounded shape was mainly observed in the basal and subepithelial layers 22. A low CD1a+ cell count at the expense of CD68+ cells might be related to the migration of these cells to regional lymph nodes after activation induced by contact with antigens or even by cellular apoptosis after antigen presentation to CD4+ T cells 20. In contrast, in the present study, higher immunoexpression of Langerhans cells was observed in the atrophic epithelium and this immunoexpression showed a positive and significant correlation with TNF-α.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These cells are responsible for the presentation of antigens to T cells and are extremely important in activating helper T-cell responses (Th1, Th2, Th17) or Treg cells. 20 The numbers of Langerhans cells and Treg cells play an important role in the control of the inflammatory microenvironment in RCs. 21 The dendritic cells morphology was observed in the middle thirds and on the epithelium surface, whereas the rounded shape was mainly observed in the basal and subepithelial layers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Release of Matrix Metalloproteinases by Macrophages in Radicular Cysts and Residual Radicular Cysts

França

Medeiros

Almeida

et al. 2022

Applied Immunohistochemistry &Amp; Molecular Morphology

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Introduction: Radicular cysts (RCs) and residual radicular cysts (RRCs) are the sequelae of dental caries and that leads to proliferation of epithelial rests of Malassez in periapical tissues. Objectives:The aim was to evaluate the relationship between Langerhans cells, macrophages, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-9, MMP-13), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the capsule and lining epithelium of cystic lesions.Materials and Methods: Twenty RCs and 20 RRCs were submitted to immunohistochemical analysis with anti-CD68, anti-CD1a, anti-MMP-9, anti-MMP-13, and anti-TNF-α antibodies. The Mann-Whitney test and the Spearman correlation test were used for analysis of the data (P < 0.05). Results:The immunoexpression of MMP-13 and CD68 was significantly higher in RCs when compared with RRCs (P = 0.011 and 0.012, respectively). The presence of an intense inflammatory infiltrate was significantly correlated with the immunoexpression of CD68 in RCs (P = 0.025). Expression of CD68 showed a significant positive correlation with MMP-13 (P = 0.015). A moderate correlation was observed between MMP-9 and MMP-13 (P = 0.010). TNF-α expression was more common in RCs (P = 0.001). CD1a was more frequently expressed in atrophic epithelium (P = 0.041) and was significantly correlated with TNF-α (P = 0.014). Conclusion:Langerhans cells induce a greater release of TNF-α which, in turn, is responsible for the stimulation of M1 macrophages. Higher immunoexpression of MMP-13 and MMP-9 is observed in the early stages of RCs compared with RRCs. Therefore, the toxins of microorganisms present in highly inflamed RCs are the main factors triggering a proinflammatory immune response and greater cystic expansion in the early stages of these lesions.

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“…Once stimulated, these cells emit signals for the activation of Treg cells, which play an important role in the modulation of the inflammatory microenvironment of periapical lesions by acting as effector cells of the disease. 22 LCs can reside in epithelial components where they act as a first line of defense against root canal antigens both in the hyperplastic 22 and atrophic epithelium of RCs. In the present study, the cytoplasmic projections of LCs conferred a phenotype of DCs, especially in the mild-moderate inflammatory infiltrate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Langerhans Cells Correlate With Macrophages for Defense Mechanisms in the Atrophic Epithelium of Radicular Cysts

França

Felipe

Freitas

et al. 2021

Applied Immunohistochemistry &Amp; Molecular Morphology

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Langerhans cells (LCs) play important roles in cellmediated immune reactions, as well as in the pathogenesis of periapical lesions. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of LCs in the proliferative epithelium of radicular cysts (RCs) and the release of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) associated with epithelial thickness. Thirty cases of RCs and 30 cases of residual RCs were randomly selected. Morphologic analysis was performed to evaluate the association between the inflammatory infiltrate, cystic epithelial thickness and lesion size, in addition to immunohistochemical assessment of CD1a, CD68, and TNF-α. The highest macrophage percentages and TNF-α scores were found in RCs (P = 0.038 and 0.017, respectively). The largest number of LCs was observed in RCs (P = 0.021), especially those exhibiting atrophic epithelium (P = 0.05). In addition, LCs were positively correlated with the number of macrophages in both RCs and residual RCs (P = 0.033 and 0.002, respectively). In contrast to LCs, the largest number of macrophages was detected in cases with an intense inflammatory infiltrate (P = 0.022). In addition, the highest TNFα scores were associated with an intense inflammatory infiltrate (P = 0.024) when analyzed in the capsule of RCs (P = 0.017). In conclusion, LCs participate in defense mechanisms and were present in all cases evaluated. Along with macrophages, these cells release proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, which is responsible for inducing the continued proliferation of cystic epithelium.

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Presence of langerhans cells, regulatory T cells (Treg) and mast cells in asymptomatic apical periodontitis

Cited by 10 publications

References 38 publications

Interplay of collagen and mast cells in periapical granulomas and periapical cysts: a comparative polarizing microscopic and immunohistochemical study

Interplay of collagen and mast cells in periapical granulomas and periapical cysts: a comparative polarizing microscopic and immunohistochemical study

Release of Matrix Metalloproteinases by Macrophages in Radicular Cysts and Residual Radicular Cysts

Langerhans Cells Correlate With Macrophages for Defense Mechanisms in the Atrophic Epithelium of Radicular Cysts

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