Na luta para mudar o mundo: mulheres, reprodução e resistência na América Latina

Abstract

Resumo: Resistência e ação coletiva são características de mobilizações sociais organizadas por mulheres na América Latina desde a década de 70, muito embora os arranjos desse processo tenham alcançado notória visibilidade nos últimos anos. No momento em que suas comunidades foram submetidas ao poder de destruição do capitalismo, do patriarcalismo e da degradação do meio ambiente, as mulheres latino-americanas uniram-se e, por meio de seus esforços, traduzidos em ações coletivas pela transformação do trabalho cotidiano, social e reprodutivo, promoveram uma nova definição de política e democratização. Nesse contexto particular de espaço, tempo, vida e corpo humano, voltado a uma única perspectiva, surgiram o conceito de comum e a adoção de práticas organizacionais pautadas pelo princípio da horizontalidade. O ativismo dessas mulheres, cujo panorama é tecido no presente artigo, é, segundo as palavras da autora, Silvia Federici, uma força importante para a mudança social na América Latina e uma inspiração para as feministas e os outros movimentos ao redor do mundo.

Indignação and declaração corporal: Luta and artivism in Brazil during the times of the pandemic

“…In most Latin American countries, this crisis followed a period of economic restructuring led by the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, under the pretext of a “structural adjustment.” What followed was the dismantling of the public sector and the liberalization of trade, which destroyed local economies. In both rural and urban contexts, women formed a primary node of resistance to mass unemployment and impoverishment, and their activities moved in many different directions (Federici & Valio, 2020). On the one hand, women engaged in intense struggles to defend the “common good”—land, forests, and water, as well as neighborhoods threatened by gentrification.…”

“…As a result, they also defended the cultural values, knowledge systems, and social identities that were being eviscerated, as land was being poisoned and as communities were being displaced. On the other hand, women also migrated to metropolitan centers and other countries to search for new forms of employment and income, where they joined a new informal economy of street vendors and sometimes even sold their own bodies (Federici & Valio, 2020). Lugones (2010) thus proposed a rereading of a “modern capitalist colonial modernity” through the lens of decolonial feminism: “the colonial imposition of gender cuts across questions of ecology, economics, government, relations with the spirit world, and knowledge, as well as across everyday practices that either habituate us to take care of the world or to destroy it” (p. 742).…”

“…In challenging the destructive forces of capitalism and patriarchy, women are building new forms of existence that reject the logic of the market and reproductive health policies, and that channel powerful, affective relationships found in the domestic sphere toward the production of social solidarity. Their efforts not only redefine the meaning of "politics" and "democratization" but also recode feminism, transforming everyday social and reproductive work into collective action that converts neighborhoods into communities of resistance against capitalist exploitation (Federici & Valio, 2020).…”