Relationship between pregestational nutritional status and type of processing of foods consumed by high-risk pregnant women

Abstract

Objectives: to relate pregestational nutritional status, maternal age and number of pregnancies to the distribution of macronutrients and micronutrients according to the type of processing offoods consumed by high-risk pregnant women. Methods: a retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out with data from medical records of 200 pregnant women served by a public outpatient clinic in Rio Grande do Sul from 2014 to 2016. Results: the mean percentages of lipids, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids and sodium intake were higher among ultra-processed foods. There was a significant inverse correlation between maternal age and total calorie intake (p=0.003) and percentage of carbohydrates (p=0.005) and proteins (p=0.037) from ultra-processed foods. There was also a significant association between pregestational nutritional status and total calorie intake (p=0.018) and percentage of carbohydrates (p=0.048) from ultra-processed foods. Conclusions: the mean percentages of lipids, monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids and sodium intake were higher among ultra-processed foods. It was observed that the older the maternal age of high-risk pregnant women, the lower the intake of total calories and percentages of carbohydrates and proteins from ultra-processed foods. It was also observed that pregestational nutritional status was significantly associated with the intake of total calories and percentage of carbohydrates from ultra-processed foods.

Consumo alimentar e ganho de peso de gestantes assistidas em unidades básicas de saúde / Food consumption and weight gain of pregnant women assisted in public health units

“…Infelizmente, dietas ricas em alimentos ultraprocessados são nutricionalmente desequilibradas, pois, além de apresentarem menor teor de fibras, proteína e micronutrientes, são elevados no teor de açúcares de adição, gorduras totais, saturadas e trans, colesterol e sódio, os quais aumentam a densidade energética da dieta e podem, por consequência, comprometer a capacidade do organismo humano em regular o balanço energético, e aumentar o risco de ganho excessivo de peso (ROLLS et al, 2009;LOUZADA et al, 2015;MONTEIRO et al, 2018). Previamente, foi encontrado que as gestantes com elevado grau de obesidade, eram as que consumiam mais alimentos ultraprocessados no período PG (FERNANDES et al, 2019).…”

Fatores maternos associados ao consumo usual de alimentos ultraprocessados na gestação

“…Diversas evidências apontam que os fatores mais comumente associados ao consumo de ultraprocessados na gravidez são: idade; tabagismo; raça; escolaridade; renda; estado nutricional pré-gestacional; paridade, bem como o recebimento de orientações sobre alimentação saudável durante o pré-natal [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] .…”

Home-Prepared Meal Consumption Is Associated with Healthy Food Choices in Pregnant Women Followed Up by Primary Health Care

“…Ultra-processed foods are classified as high-energy-density foods with low nutritional quality, usually high in sugar, sodium, and fat. They promote excessive weight gain, and interfere with the consumption of healthier foods, as a matter of choice and opportunity [ 8 ]. In a literature review evaluating the food consumption of pregnant women carried out by Bueno et al (2016), the inadequacy of vegetable and fruit consumption and a low fiber intake were identified, in disagreement with the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO) [ 9 ].…”