Adiponectin levels and sleep deprivation in patients with endocrine metabolic disorders

Abstract

SUMMARY BACKGROUND: Sleep abnormalities are frequent in patients with endocrine metabolic disorders (EMD) such as arterial hypertension, diabetes and obesity. Adiponectin is a peptide largely secreted by adipocytes and has various properties e.g. anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiatherogenic, pro-angiogenic, vasoprotective and insulin-sensitizing. Adiponectin inversely relates to body weight and when its concentration decreases, the resistin concentration increases resulting in greater insulin resistance. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to examine factors influencing adiponectin levels in a population with EMD. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional evaluation of 332 patients (18 to 80y) presenting arterial hypertension, pre-diabetes, diabetes, and/or obesity. Investigation included clinical evaluation of comorbidities, general blood tests and adiponectin measures (ELISA). Chronic sleep deprivation was determined if habitual sleep was <6 hours >4 days/week. RESULTS: Arterial hypertension (78.5%), type-2 diabetes (82.3%), and overweight (45.0%)/obesity (38.8%) were frequent. Patients with type-2 diabetes tended to have more chronic sleep deprivation (p=0.05). Adiponectin levels increased with age and were inversely correlated with sagittal abdominal diameter (p=0.04) and fasting insulin (p=0.001). Chronic sleep deprivation was associated with higher adiponectin concentration [OR=1.34; CI=1.13-1.58; p<0.005] and this was maintained after adjustment for gender, age, body mass index, menopause, arterial hypertension, American Diabetes Association classification and physical exercise levels [OR=1.38; 0=1.14-1.66: p=0.001]. CONCLUSION: In patients with EMD, adiponectin is influenced not only by obesity but also by age and sleep deprivation. The latter finding may be explained by a compensatory effect or a counter regulation to minimize the harmful effects of sleep deprivation.

Sleep Disturbance and Metabolic Dysfunction: The Roles of Adipokines

“…Conversely, chronic sleep deprivation was associated with higher adiponectin levels in a cross-section study among patients with metabolic diseases, after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, hypertension, menopause, and exercise levels [48]. This may reflect a compensatory effect of adiponectin in sleep deprivation among patients with metabolic syndrome [48]. A study involving sleep restriction showed that sleep restriction (five nights of 4 h in bed) led to reduced levels of adiponectin in Caucasian women but an increased level in African American women, with no effect on the adiponectin levels in men, indicating the effect of sleep loss on adiponectin could be sex-and ethnicity-specific [23].…”

“…A recent study also showed that improvement in sleep quality is associated with increased serum adiponectin levels and improved indices of glycemic control [47]. Conversely, chronic sleep deprivation was associated with higher adiponectin levels in a cross-section study among patients with metabolic diseases, after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, hypertension, menopause, and exercise levels [48]. This may reflect a compensatory effect of adiponectin in sleep deprivation among patients with metabolic syndrome [48].…”

Prevalência e fatores associados ao uso de medicamento indutor do sono entre mulheres assistidas na Atenção Primária à Saúde: estudo transversal em Vitória, Espírito Santo, 2014

“…22 Geralmente, mulheres apresentam maiores níveis de ansiedade e depressão, tendo seu sono prejudicado pelas preocupações pessoais ou profissionais. 23 Na presente pesquisa, mulheres na idade de 40 a 59 anos apresentaram maiores prevalências de uso de medicamento indutor do sono alguma vez na vida e atualmente, quando comparadas às mulheres na faixa etária de 20 a 39 anos. No interior do estado de Minas Gerais, maiores prevalências de consumo de tranquilizantes foram observadas na mesma faixa etária dos 40 a 59 anos (44,6%).…”

Effects of sleep deprivation on coronary heart disease

“…Current epidemiological studies [ 34 - 45 ] have confirmed that SD is associated with increased incidence of CVDs, such as coronary artery disease, hypertension, arrhythmia, diabetes, and obesity. People who sleep less than six hours a day are at increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), compared with those who sleep between six and nine hours a day [ 46 ].…”