Trends of 9,416 multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria

Abstract

Conflict of interest: noneObjective: a resistance of hospital-acquired bacteria to multiple antibiotics is a major concern worldwide. The objective of this study was to investigate multidrugresistant (MDR) bacteria, clinical specimens, origin of specimen and trends, and correlate these with bacterial sensitivity and consumption of antimicrobials. Methods: 9,416 bacteria of nosocomial origin were evaluated in a tertiary hospital, from 1999 to 2008. MDR was defined for Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) as resistance to two or more classes/groups of antibiotics. Results: GNB MDR increased by 3.7 times over the study period (p<0.001). Acinetobacter baumannii was the most prevalent (36.2%). Over the study period, there were significant 4.8-fold and 14.6-fold increases for A. baumannii and K. pneumoniae (p<0.001), respectively. Sixty-seven percent of isolates of MDR GNB were isolated in intensive care units. The resistance of A. baumannii to carbapenems increased from 7.4 to 57.5% during the study period and concomitant with an increased consumption. Conclusion: that decade showed prevalence of GNB and a gradual increase in MDR GNB. There was an increase in carbapenem resistance of 50.1% during the study.

Phenotypic and genotypic detection of carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Accra, Ghana

“…Yet, the cause for concern cannot be ruled out, as these high rates were recorded against several of the antimicrobials. This observation adds to the several lines of evidence that support the need to strengthen antimicrobial stewardship programmes in Ghana and elsewhere [54][55][56]. Considering the resistance rates recorded against the carbapenems-ertapenem, meropenem, and imipenem-which in conjunction with the reports of Owusu-Oduro [31], Hackman et al [32], Agyepong et al [8], Codjoe et al [33], and Quansah et al [51] cited above, demonstrate the emergence of carbapenem resistance in the country, it is surprising that carbapenems, which are antibiotics of last resort for treating serious bacterial infections, are not included in the Ministry of Health's Essential medicine list in Ghana [57].…”

Antimicrobial susceptibility trends among gram-positive and -negative clinical isolates collected between 2005 and 2012 in Mexico: results from the Tigecycline Evaluation and Surveillance Trial

“…For example, Oliveira et al reported an increase in carbapenem resistance in Brazil from 7.4 % to 57.5 % between 1999 and 2008 and Aydin et al reported an increase in meropenem resistance among Acinetobacter spp. collected from an ICU in Turkey from 26 % in 2008 to 95 % in 2011 [ 26 , 27 ]. In addition a rate of 26 % was reported for a single center in India in 2013 although this was a decrease from the 33 % previously reported [ 28 ].…”

Molecular Mechanisms of Neurotoxicity Induced by Polymyxins and Chemoprevention

“…Antimicrobial resistance is currently a major public health concern; notably the World Health Organization (WHO) has identified antibiotic resistance as one of the three greatest threats to human health . During the past two decades, there has been a dramatic decline in discovery and development of novel classes of antibacterial agents and, unfortunately, this has been concomitantly accompanied by an increase in the incidence of infections by multidrug resistant (MDR) Gram-negative pathogens. − The situation is especially worrying for MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae , Acinetobacter baumannii , and Pseudomonas aeruginosa , against which no new antibiotics will be available for many years to come . Infections caused by these MDR bacteria often do not respond to conventional therapy and result in a longer duration of illness and higher risk of death.…”