Bacterial infections in COVID-19 patients: a review

Grinbaum, Renato Satovschi; Kiffer, Carlos Roberto Veiga

doi:10.1590/1806-9282.20210812

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The study conducted by Polly et al [ 77 ] in an acute care hospital in Brazil, for example, already describes an increase in the incidence of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections both in ICUs and non-ICUs units after the pandemic. Thus, these factors may further favor the spread of strains carrying the mcr gene in human clinical isolates [ 78 ].…”

Section: Incidence Of the Mcr Gene In Samples Of C...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gram-negative bacilli carrying mcr gene in Brazil: a pathogen on the rise

et al. 2023

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The incidence of infections caused by resistant Gram-negative pathogens has become a critical factor in public health due to the limitation of therapeutic options for the control of infections caused, especially, by Enterobacteriaceae ( Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae ), Pseudomonas spp., and Acinetobacter spp. Thus, given the increase in resistant pathogens and the reduction of therapeutic options, polymyxins were reintroduced into the clinic. As the last treatment option, polymyxins were regarded as the therapeutic key, since they were one of the few classes of antimicrobials that had activity against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli. Nonetheless, over the years, the frequent use of this antimicrobial has led to reports of resistance cases. In 2015, mcr ( mobile colistin resistanc e), a colistin resistance gene, was described in China. Due to its location on carrier plasmids, this gene is characterized by rapid spread through conjugation. It has thus been classified as a rising threat to public health worldwide. In conclusion, based on several reports that show the emergence of mcr in different regional and climatic contexts and species of isolates, this work aims to review the literature on the incidence of the mcr gene in Brazil in different regions, types of samples identified, species of isolates, and type of carrier plasmid.

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Section: Incidence Of the Mcr Gene In Samples Of C...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gram-negative bacilli carrying mcr gene in Brazil: a pathogen on the rise

et al. 2023

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“…The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted the implementation of many vaccine initiatives and pharmaceutical treatment protocols. Presently, researchers are directing their attention toward bacterial infections in individuals with COVID-19, where severe viral pneumonia is identified as the primary factor contributing to mortality [7,8]. Corticosteroids have demonstrated efficacy in reducing mortality in cases of COVID-19 pneumonia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research is currently being conducted to investigate potential remedies for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 [6]. Available data indicates that nosocomial infections are linked to an increased likelihood of mortality and severity of COVID-19 [7], [12]. Additionally, the presence of antibiotic resistance among the microorganisms responsible for subsequent infections poses a concealed danger that exists within COVID-19 patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Test the effectiveness of some medications and vitamin D3 used against COVID-19 on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria isolated from people infected with the Coronavirus

Amal F. AL-Gorani,

Saadon,

Ahmed. K. Ajeel

et al. 2024

UTJsci

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The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a search for effective pharmaceuticals and vitamins to combat the virus. These therapies have antiviral capabilities and can affect both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of various medications and nutrients in treating bacterial infections linked to COVID-19. In vitro, tests will be conducted to evaluate these therapies' antibacterial efficacy against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. In the current study, we test a group of antibiotics commonly used in treating Coronavirus on different types of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. They found that Azithromycin was highly effective against both positive and negative bacteria, but its effectiveness decreased when combined with vitamin D. Levofloxacin was the most effective antibiotic, and its efficacy was not affected by the addition of zinc or vitamin D. Acyclovir had a slight effect on bacteria when used alone, but its efficacy improved with zinc. Zinc and Vitamin D had a high degree of effectiveness, but Vitamin D had relatively low efficacy, except against one type of bacteria. The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of drugs and vitamins against bacterial infections in COVID-19 patients. The results will provide a better understanding of the potential advantages of these medications in controlling bacterial infections. (The abstract should have one paragraph) The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of drugs and vitamins against bacterial infections in COVID-19 patients. The results will provide a better understanding of the potential advantages of these medications in controlling bacterial infections.

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“…The guidelines of the Infectious Diseases Society of America recommended the use of anti-MRSA agents and protective measures for critically ill patients during hospitalization [ 1 , 9 , 10 ]. Bacterial infection with COVID-19 was reported in the USA [ 11 ], UK [ 12 ], China [ 13 ], Saudi Arabia [ 14 ], and other countries as well [ 15 , 16 ]. Pakistan had reported more than 15 million positive cases and 0.3 million deaths by May 30, 2022.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathophysiology of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Superinfection in COVID-19 Patients

et al. 2022

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The global spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has infected humans in all age groups, deteriorated host immune responses, and caused millions of deaths. The reasons for individuals succumbing to COVID-19 were not only the SARS-CoV-2 infection but also associated bacterial infections. Antibiotics were largely used to prevent bacterial infections during COVID-19 illness, and many bacteria became resistant to conventional antibiotics. Although COVID-19 was considered the main culprit behind the millions of deaths, bacterial coinfections and superinfections were the major factors that increased the mortality rate in hospitalized patients. In the present study, we assessed the pathophysiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) superinfection in COVID-19 patients in Pakistan. A total of 3492 COVID-19 hospitalized patients were screened among which 224 strain were resistant to methicillin; 110 strains were tazobactam-resistant; 53 strains were ciprofloxacin-resistant; 23 strains were gentamicin-resistant; 11 strains were azithromycin-resistant; 3 strains were vancomycin-resistant. A high frequency of MRSA was detected in patients aged ≥50 with a prevalence of 7.33%, followed by patients aged >65 with a prevalence of 5.48% and a 5.10% prevalence in patients aged <50. In addition, pneumonia was detected in the COVID-19-associated MRSA (COVID-MRSA) that showed decreased levels of lymphocytes and albumin and increased the mortality rate from 2.3% to 25.23%. Collectively, an MRSA superinfection was associated with increased mortality in COVID-19 after 12 to 18 days of hospitalization. The study assessed the prevalence of MRSA, mortality rate, pneumonia, and the emergence of antibiotic resistance as the main outcomes. The study summarized that COVID-MRSA aggravated the treatment and recovery of patients and suggested testing MRSA as critical for hospitalized patients.

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Bacterial infections in COVID-19 patients: a review

Cited by 5 publications

References 45 publications

Gram-negative bacilli carrying mcr gene in Brazil: a pathogen on the rise

Gram-negative bacilli carrying mcr gene in Brazil: a pathogen on the rise

Test the effectiveness of some medications and vitamin D3 used against COVID-19 on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria isolated from people infected with the Coronavirus

Pathophysiology of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Superinfection in COVID-19 Patients

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