Effects of in Ovo Infusion of Probiotic Strains on Performance Parameters, Jejunal Bacterial Population and Mucin Gene Expression in Broiler Chicken

Abstract

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of in ovo infusion of probiotic strains (Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecium, and Pediococcus acidilactici) on jejunal microbial population and mucin gene expression in broiler chicken. In a completely randomized design, 0.5 ml of mediums containing 10 7 cfu of different probiotic strains, was administered into amniotic fluid of the 480 Cobb fetus (day 18 of incubation), with four treatments, five replicates with twenty four eggs each. For mucin gene expression, samples from the jejunum were taken on day 21 of incubation and day 3 post-hatch. Microbial profile was determined for total lactobacillus and E. coli by sampling jejunal contents on days 1 and 3 of age. Expression of the mucin gene in the jejunum was higher (p<0.05) in chicks that received Bacillus subtilis in comparison with the control group. Infusion of the probiotic strains had no effect on jejunal E. coli and lactic acid bacteria populations on day 1 post-hatch (p>0.05). There were no significant differences among treatments for performance parameters at different periods and the whole period. It was concluded that infusion of probiotic bacteria during the late of incubation has no effect on feed intake, gain and feed conversion ratio, but has a positive effect on mucin gene expression in the jejunum. The best probiotic strain for mucin gene expression was Bacillus subtilis and for beneficiary bacteria colonization was Bacillus subtilis and Pediococcus acidilactici.

The effect of Bacillus subtilis and its delivery route on hatch and growth performance, blood biochemistry, immune status, gut morphology, and microbiota of broiler chickens

“…Both in ovo probiotics treatments in this study recorded ∼96% hatchability, similar to the noninjected eggs. Consistent with the result reported here, other studies ( Edens et al., 1997 ; Pender et al., 2016 , 2017 ; Majidi-Mosleh et al., 2017a , b ; Castañeda et al., 2020 ; Alizadeh et al., 2020 ) have also affirmed no adverse effect of in ovo delivered probiotics on hatchability. Contrastingly, although dependent on the broiler chicken strain, probiotic strain, injection site, and injection dose ( De Oliveira et al., 2014 ; El-Moneim et al., 2020 ; Leão et al., 2021 ), a few studies ( Meijerhof and Hulet, 1997 ; Triplett et al., 2018 ) have reported reduced hatchability following in ovo delivery of probiotics.…”

“…Notwithstanding, variable results on the effect of probiotics (especially Bacillus subtilis ) supplementation on growth performance are reported in the literature. Consistent with the results presented here, a number of studies ( Knap et al., 2011 ; E Malik et al., 2016 ; Majidi-Mosleh et al., 2017a , b ; ; Duneska and Bustillo, 2020 ; Castañeda et al., 2021 ) have reported no significant effect of Bacillus subtilis delivered across several routes (in-feed, in-water, or in ovo) on ABWG in broiler chickens. Conversely, improved ABWG following probiotics supplementation across several routes has also been reported in poultry ( Aliakbarpour et al., 2012 ; Sen et al., 2012 ; Jeong and Kim, 2014 ; Gadde et al., 2017b ; Hayashi et al., 2018 ).…”

Effect of in ovo feeding of probiotic, prebiotic and synbiotic to Broiler embryos on growth performance, Mucin-2 gene expression and gut colonization of microbiota

“…However, the level of Mucin-2 expression on day-old chicks was significantly (P<0.05) higher in MOS injected birds followed by probiotic and synbiotic infused groups. The present finding is agreed with Majidi-Mosleh et al (2017) who conducted research by in ovo infusion of different probiotics strains on 18 th day of its embryonic life and concluded that Bacillus subtilis upregulated Mucin-2 gene expression 4 and 3.7 folds higher than the control group in day old. Contrary to the present findings, Cheled-Shoval et al 2011 found that in ovo feeding of prebiotic (MOS) on expression on the day of hatch.…”

In ovo inoculation of an Enterococcus faecium–based product to enhance broiler hatchability, live performance, and intestinal morphology

“…In previous research, Majidi-Mosleh et al. (2017) evaluated the manual in ovo injection of a 10 7 cfu dose of B. subtilis , E. faecium , and Pediococcus acidilactici individually into the amnion of fertile eggs and found no differences in growth performance.…”