Pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial infections: presumptive diagnosis based on the international microbiological criteria adopted in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, 2011-2014

Abstract

Objective: Pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial infections are caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), the microbiological diagnosis of which involves the isolation and identification of the same species in at least two sputum samples, one BAL fluid sample, or one lung biopsy sample. The objective of the present study was to determine the frequency at which the various NTM species are identified among selected individuals and in potential cases of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial infection. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of the data on species isolated from respiratory specimens collected from 2,843 individuals between 2011 and 2014. Potential NTM infection cases were identified on the basis of the international microbiological criteria adopted in the state of São Paulo. Results: A total of 50 species were identified using the molecular method PCR-restriction enzyme analysis. Samples collected from 1,014 individuals were analyzed in relation to the microbiological criteria, and 448 (44.18%) had a presumptive diagnosis of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial infection, the species identified most frequently being, in descending order, Mycobacterium kansasii, M. abscessus, M. intracellulare, M. avium, and M. szulgai. Conclusions: Although various NTM species were identified among the individuals studied, those presumptively identified most frequently on the basis of the microbiological criteria adopted in the state of São Paulo were the ones that are most commonly associated with pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial infection worldwide or in specific geographic regions.

Species Distribution and Isolation Frequency of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria, Uruguay

“…The distribution of NTM species isolated from human clinical samples varies greatly by region (6). In South America, data on NTM isolation frequencies are available for São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (7)(8)(9) and Buenos Aires, Argentina (6). Because clinical and laboratory observations suggested an emergence of NTM isolates, we conducted a retrospective study of isolation frequency of NTM in Uruguay.…”

Non-tuberculous mycobacteria hybridisation profiles in the GenoType MTBDRplus assay: experience from a diagnostic routine of a high-throughput laboratory

“…Marques et al . [19] described the species of NTM isolated from pulmonary specimens in the state of São Paulo, and the most prevalent species found were MABC, M. kansasii , MAC, M. fortuitum and M. gordonae. M. gordonae , also one of the most frequent species found in our study ( n =19/309, 6.1%), is rarely pathogenic, and its association with disease will depend on the site where it was isolated.…”

Epidemiological profile and follow-up of patients with pulmonary disease by non-tuberculous mycobacteria in Baixada Santista area, São Paulo

“…Currently, there are few articles referring to the epidemiology of confirmed cases of NTMPD, especially those relating it to factors such as abandonment of a PTB treatment in the past and diseases other than AIDS/HIV. (19) Marques et al, (20) in the period from 2011 to 2014, evaluated 1,014 patients with pulmonary NTM isolation with respect to meeting the ATS microbiological criteria and found 44.2% of patients with NTPMD, mainly caused by Mycobacterium kansasii, Mycobacterium abscessus, Mycobacterium intracellulare, Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium szulgai.…”