First report of Hypsipyla grandella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) on African mahogany Khaya ivorensis

Abstract

The mahogany shoot borer Hypsipyla grandella Zeller is an important economic pest in all American tropical forests, because it prevents monoculture of valuable timber trees species like mahogany and cedar. The shoot borer damages several tree structures, especially the apical shoots, impairing the formation of the commercial stem. This pest can attack the plants during the year and one larva per plant is enough to cause significant damage. In infested areas, the attack can reach up to 100 % of the trees. The Australian cedar and African mahogany have been cultivated in Brazil for timber production, because they are considered resistant to H. grandella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) attack. However, in this work we report for the first time the H. grandella attack to African mahogany Khaya ivorensis.

A Comparative Study on Chemical Composition, Antileishmanial and Cytotoxic Activities of the Essential Oils from Leaves of Guarea macrophylla (Meliaceae) from Two Different Regions of São Paulo State, Brazil, Using Multivariate Statistical Analysis

“…Species of Meliaceae are largely used for the production of bio-oils, cosmetic products (andiroba), insecticides (neem) and highly prized wood (mahogany, cedar, etc). [1][2][3][4] Chemically, Meliaceae species produce different classes of secondary metabolites, including terpenoids, lactones, steroids, limonoids, etc., which display several biological activities. 2,4 Belonging to Meliaceae, Guarea macrophylla is composed of triterpenes, 5 diterpenes, 6,7 sesquiterpenes, 6 flavonoids, and lignoids.…”

“…[1][2][3][4] Chemically, Meliaceae species produce different classes of secondary metabolites, including terpenoids, lactones, steroids, limonoids, etc., which display several biological activities. 2,4 Belonging to Meliaceae, Guarea macrophylla is composed of triterpenes, 5 diterpenes, 6,7 sesquiterpenes, 6 flavonoids, and lignoids. 8 The essential oils from fruits, 9 stem barks, 10 and leaves 11 were chemically analyzed and a predominance of sesquiterpenes and diterpenes was observed.…”

First Report of Parasaissetia nigra in Khaya ivorensis Seedlings in Brazil

“…It guaranteed to this species a competitive advantage against Swietenia macrophylla, the Brazilian mahogany. However, according to Zanetti et al (2017), H. grandella was attack a commercial plantation in Brazil, indicating that African mahogany is not free from the injury of this pest. Other insect attacks have also been reported (Ofori et al, 2007;Ong et al, 2014).…”

Hypsipyla grandella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Boring Khaya ivorensis (Meliaceae) Fruits and Seeds in Brazil: First Report

“…Restrictions in the market of native Meliaceae (usually endangered species), the high wood quality, and the high resistance of K. ivorensis to H. grandella encouraged expansion of mahogany plantations using this tree in Brazil (Alves-Júnior et al 2017;Ribeiro et al 2017Ribeiro et al , 2018. However, H. grandella has started damaging K. ivorensis shoots in Brazil (Zanetti et al 2017).…”

“…This is important because this plant was introduced due to the damage caused by this insect in native Meliaceae, such as Carapa guianensis Aubl., Carapa procera DC., Cedrela fissilis Vell., and S. macrophylla (Pinto et al 2013;Castro et al 2018). The report of damage by this pest in African mahogany shoots in 2016 (Zanetti et al 2017), and this report on fruits and seeds, show that the resistance of K. ivorensis to H. grandella was broken by selective pressure acting over the large area cultivated with this plant in Brazil (Zanetti et al 2017). In addition, a major concern is the fact that approximately 200 km separates the region where the damage was reported in shoots of K. ivorensis with damage to fruits and seeds, suggesting that this problem might be occurring in an extensive area of Brazil.…”