Characterizations of alveolar repair after mandibular second molar extraction: an experimental study in rats

Abstract

Characterizations of rat mandibular second molar extraction socket with significantly different buccal and lingual alveolar ridge width remain unclear. Objective: To observe alterations in the alveolar ridge after extraction of mandibular second molars, and to examine processes of alveolar socket healing in an experimental model of alveolar ridge absorption and preservation. Methodology: Eighteen Wistar rats were included and divided into six groups regarding healing time in the study. Bilateral mandibular second molars were extracted. The rats with tooth extraction sockets took 0, 1.5, 2, 3, 4 and 8 weeks of healing. Histological observation, tartrate-resistant acidic phosphatase (TRAP) staining, Masson’s trichrome staining, immunohistochemical staining and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) were applied to estimate alterations in the alveolar ridge. Results: Different buccal and lingual alveolar ridge width led to different height loss. Lingual wall height (LH) decreased significantly two weeks after tooth extraction. Buccal wall height rarely reduced its higher ridge width. From two to eight weeks after extraction, bone volume (BV/TV), density (BMD), and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) progressively increased in the alveolar socket, which gradually decreased in Tb.Sp and Tb.N. LH showed no significant change during the same period. Osteogenic marker OCN and OPN increased during bone repair from two to eight weeks. The reduced height of the lingual wall of the tooth extraction socket was rarely repaired in the later repair stage. Osteoclast activity led to absorption of the alveolar ridge of the alveolar bone wall within two weeks after operation. We observed positive expression of EMMPRIN and MMP-9 in osteoclasts that participated in the absorption of the spire region. Conclusion: Extraction of rat mandibular second molars may help the study of alveolar ridge absorption and preservation. The EMMPRIN-MMP-9 pathway may be a candidate for further study on attenuating bone resorption after tooth extraction.

The evaluation of the effects of natural zeolite (Clinoptilolite) in diabetic rats on bone healing in dental extracting socket

“…In the literature, there are similar studies examining radiologically the alveolar bone healing after tooth extraction in rats. Li J. et al 6 reported that socket healing time was shorter in rats than in humans and dogs, 2 weeks after extraction, new bone trabeculae filled the apical third of the alveolar socket, and after 4 weeks, the socket was largely filled with new bone trabeculae. Berkovitz B.K.…”

Açai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) supplementation promotes histological and ultrastructural changes in rats' alveolar bone

“…For the first evaluation, Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE) staining was used, where he sections were first deparaffinized using xylene, hydrated in a gradient of ethanol, and then treated with hematoxylin for 3 min to stain the cell nucleus. After washing for 5 min with running water, the sections were reacted with eosin for 30 s [ 19 ]. For the second evaluation, PicroSirius Red Staining was used.…”

Osteogenesis and Bone Resorption in Patients With Postoperative Mandibular Bone Defects During Inflammatory Processes

“…Операція видалення зуба протягом тривалого часу є найбільш поширеним оперативним втручанням, проте наразі стоматологічна реабілітація таких пацієнтів є дуже актуальною, що обумовлено як функціональним, так й естетичним компонентом [2,8]. Важливою умовою для подальшого заміщення дефекту зубного ряду, в тому числі й за рахунок дентальної імплантаціїзбереження висоти альвеолярного паростку який зазнає суттєвого зниження після видалення зуба [3,10].…”