Osteogenesis and Bone Resorption in Patients With Postoperative Mandibular Bone Defects During Inflammatory Processes

Abstract

Tooth extraction has long been the most common surgical procedure. Preserving the height of the alveolar ridge after extraction is crucial for further replacement of the missing tooth, including through dental implantation. This study aimed to assess the effect of cryopreserved placenta and quercetin on bone formation and osteoresorption markers in oral fluid. Ninety patients who underwent lower tooth extraction due to inflammation participated in the research. They were divided into three clinical groups of 30 each: the first group received cryopreserved placenta after extraction, the second group received combined therapy of cryopreserved placenta and quercetin, and the third (control) group underwent standard tooth extraction. Osteocalcin and matrix metalloproteinase-8 levels in the oral fluid were measured on days 1, 10, 20, 30, 90, and 180 after extraction for all groups. Antagonism between "osteocalcin" and "matrix metalloproteinase-8" was observed in the oral fluid during reparative osteogenesis. However, statistically significant changes in this marker were noted earlier in the observation period and were more pronounced, possibly due to local changes predominating. This suggests activation of bone tissue resorption processes in the early stages of the study and osteogenesis in the later stages of observation. The least dynamic changes in the studied indicators were observed when cryopreserved placenta was used in combination with quercetin treatment.