The effect of ellagic acid on the repair process of periodontal defects related to experimental periodontitis in rats

Abstract

The effect of ellagic acid on the repair process of periodontal defects related to experimental periodontitis in rats Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effect of ellagic acid (EA) by measuring the levels of alveolar bone resorption and inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in the periodontal tissues and serum on the periodontal repair process related to experimental periodontitis in rats. Methodology: Forty Wistar rats were divided into four study groups as follows: Group 1=healthy control (n=10); Group 2=EA control (15 mg/kg)(n=10); Group 3=periodontitis (n=10); Group 4=periodontitis+EA (15 mg/kg) (n=10). The periodontitis model was established by ligating bilateral mandibular first molars for 14 days. Then, rats were given normal saline or EA for another 14 days by gavage administration. Serum and gingiva myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine(8-OHdG), and glutathione (GSH) levels were analyzed by ELISA. İmmunohistochemical analysis was used to detect Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factoralpha (TNF-α) immunoreactivities in the periodontal tissues. Alveolar bone loss (ABL) and attachment loss (AL) was evaluated by histomorphometry analysis.Results: ABL and AL were statistically higher in group 3 than in groups 1, 2 and 4 and in group 4 than in groups 1 and 2 (p<0.05). MPO activities in gingival tissue and serum were significantly increased in group 3 compared to groups 1 and 2 (p<0.05). Significantly higher serum GSH levels, lower gingiva, and serum 8-OHdG levels, and MPO activity were observed in group 4 compared to group 3 (p<0.05). Rats with periodontitis (group 3) expressed significantly higher immunoreactivities of IL-6 and TNF-α and lower IL-10 immunoreactivity compared to those other groups (p<0.05). IL-6 and TNF-α immunoreactivities significantly decreased and IL-10 immunoreactivity increased in group 4 after the use of EA compared to group 3 (p<0.001). Conclusions: Our findings showed that EA provides significant improvements on gingival oxidative stress and inflammatory markers and alveolar bone resorption in the repair process associated with experimental periodontitis. Therefore, EA may have a therapeutic potential on periodontitis.

Phyllanthus emblica fruits: a polyphenol-rich fruit with potential benefits for oral management

“…153 For example, ellagic acid could reduce alveolar bone and periodontal tissue loss in rats with periodontitis by reducing the release of inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α as well as ROS from gum tissue. 154 PEF can reconstruct the homeostasis between bone formation and bone resorption and effectively deal with the alveolar bone loss caused by periodontitis. Alveolar bone resorption is the main pathological and clinical feature of periodontitis.…”

“…153 For example, ellagic acid could reduce alveolar bone and periodontal tissue loss in rats with periodontitis by reducing the release of inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α as well as ROS from gum tissue. 154…”