Seroprevalence and incidence of Leptospira spp. in domestic dogs in the Southeast region of São Paulo State, Brazil

Sevá, Anaiá P.; Brandão, Ana Pérola Drulla; Godoy, Silvia Helena Seraphin de; Souza, Gisele Oliveira de; Filho, Antônio Francisco Souza; Jimenez-Villegas, Tatiana; Heinemann, Marcos Bryan; Ferreira, Fernando F.

doi:10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-6390

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…These spirochetes reside in the kidney of infected rodents and other reservoir hosts for long periods and they are shed to the environment during urination. The seropositivity of Leptospira in dogs has been found to range from 7% in Sao Paulo to 73.2% in Caribbean Island [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ] with cut points varying from 1:100 to 1:1000. Dogs have been implicated in causing human transmission in some settings [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Existence of Similar Leptospira Serovars among Dog Keepers and Their Respective Dogs in Mwanza, Tanzania, the Need for a One Health Approach to Control Measures

et al. 2021

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This study investigated seroepidemiology of Leptospira serovars among the dog keepers and their dogs in the city of Mwanza, Tanzania. A total of 205 dog keepers and 414 dogs were tested for Leptospira antibodies using a microscopic agglutination test (MAT). The median age of the dog keepers was 26 (inter quartile range (IQR): 17–40) years and median duration of keeping dogs was 36 (IQR: 24–120) months. The seropositivity of Leptospira antibodies was (33/205 (16.1%, 95% CI: 11.0–21.1) among dog keepers and (66/414 (15.9%, 95% CI: 12.4–19.4) among dogs, p = 0.4745. Among the serovars tested (Sokoine, Grippotyphosa, Kenya, Pomona and Hebdomadis), the most prevalent serovar was Sokoine in both dog keepers and their dogs (93.9% (31/33) vs. and 65.1% (43/66), p = 0.009). Thirty-one out of thirty-three seropositive dog keepers (93.9%) had dogs positive for Leptospira antibodies with 28 (84.9%) having similar serovars with their respective seropositive dogs. Having tertiary education (AOR: 0.24, 95% CI: 0.07–0.84, p = 0.026) independently protected individuals from being Leptospira seropositive. More than three quarters of dog keepers had similar serovars as their dogs, necessitating one health approach to control measures in endemic areas.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Existence of Similar Leptospira Serovars among Dog Keepers and Their Respective Dogs in Mwanza, Tanzania, the Need for a One Health Approach to Control Measures

et al. 2021

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“…Icterohaemorrhagiae is the most important serogroup in terms of public health, since these strains are more related to infections in humans than other serovars (Miotto et al, 2018a;Sevá et al, 2020) and therefore play an important role in the epidemiology of human leptospirosis. Although the sewer rat (Rattus norvegicus) is the most relevant host for Icterohaemorrhagiae, dogs are considered accidental hosts and their proximity to humans increases the chances of transmission (Picardeau, 2013).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterações clínico-patológicas, diagnóstico sorológico e molecular em cães com suspeita de leptospirose

et al. 2023

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A leptospirose é uma zoonose de importância mundial que causa mortes tanto em humanos, como em animais, especialmente em cães não vacinados. A infecção em cães ocorre pelo contato com urina ou água contaminada pela bactéria espiroqueta patogênica do gênero Leptospira. Objetivou-se avaliar dois testes diagnósticos na caracterização de cães com leptospirose, e associar com as principais alterações clínicos-patológicas de cães suspeitos. Foram atendidos no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia no período de setembro de 2019 a setembro de 2020, 24 cães com suspeita clínica de leptospirose canina. Exames complementares como hemograma completo, dosagens séricas de creatinina, ureia, ALT (alanina aminotransferase), FA (fosfatase alcalina) foram solicitados. Para o diagnóstico confirmatório de leptospirose foi realizado teste sorológico pelo teste de aglutinação microscópica (MAT) e também teste molecular pela reação em cadeia da polimerase em tempo real (qPCR). Dos 24 casos de cães suspeitos de leptospirose, seis (25%) foram positivos no MAT, e três (12,5%) no qPCR, sendo 1 (um) (4,17%) positivo nos dois testes diagnósticos avaliados. Quando se associou MAT + qPCR a positividade foi para 8/24 (33,3%). Os sorogrupos reativos predominantes foram Icterohaemorrhagiae (33,33%) e Djasiman (33,33%), seguido de Ballum (16,60%). A sensibilidade e especificidade da qPCR em relação teste padrão ouro (MAT) foi 16,7 % e 88,9%, respectivamente. Houve alterações nos níveis séricos de creatinina, ureia e FA no grupo positivo aos testes diagnósticos (MAT/qPCR), porém somente ureia e FA apresentaram valores elevados no grupo negativo. Quando se comparou os parâmetros bioquímicos no grupo positivo aos testes diagnósticos (MAT/qPCR), e negativo, não se observou nenhuma diferença estatística significativa entre os elementos avaliados (p>0,05). Conclui-se para o diagnóstico de leptospirose canina aguda, o médico veterinário deve associar os achados clínicos-patológicos aos resultados do MAT de forma pareada e o qPCR de urina.

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“…25 In humans this serovar is found throughout South-East Asia. 16 Serovar Cynopteri has been detected in healthy dogs in Brazil, [26][27][28] however, not in dogs with clinical leptospirosis. In MAT, cross-reactions between serovars Djasiman and Cynopteri have been described.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological evidence of exposure of healthy dogs to Leptospira in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

Griebsch,

Kirkwood,

Ward

et al. 2024

Aust Veterinary J

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In 2017, highly fatal canine leptospirosis emerged in Sydney, Australia. Based on results of microscopic agglutination testing (MAT), serovar Copenhageni appeared to be the most common causative serovar. Prior to this, no clinical cases had been reported since 1976. In a serosurvey of healthy dogs in Australian shelters in 2004, 2.4% of 431 New South Wales dogs had serological evidence of exposure to Copenhageni, the most prevalent serovar. The aim of this study was to estimate the current prevalence of Leptospira exposure and associated serovars in healthy Sydney dogs, previously unvaccinated against Leptospira. Serum samples from 411 healthy dogs in leptospirosis hotspots and neighbouring suburbs were collected before vaccination. MAT for 23 serovars was performed at the WHO Leptospirosis Reference Laboratory in Queensland, Australia. The overall seroprevalence was 4.1% (17/411) with low titres (1/50–1/200) detected. Eleven dogs were from known leptospirosis hotspots. Eight dogs were known to hunt rodents. One dog had been in contact with a leptospirosis positive dog 1 year prior. Serovar Topaz was the most prevalent serovar (n = 5) followed by serovars Australis (n = 4), Copenhageni (n = 4), Djasiman (n = 2), Cynopteri (n = 1), Javanica (n = 1), Medanensis (n = 1), and Pomona (n = 1). In conclusion, serological evidence of exposure of dogs in Sydney to Leptospira is low, but apparently has increased since 2004. Positive titres to serovars not previously reported to cause disease in dogs could be due to low virulence of those serovars or cross‐reactivity with other serovars.

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Seroprevalence and incidence of Leptospira spp. in domestic dogs in the Southeast region of São Paulo State, Brazil

Cited by 7 publications

References 26 publications

Existence of Similar Leptospira Serovars among Dog Keepers and Their Respective Dogs in Mwanza, Tanzania, the Need for a One Health Approach to Control Measures

Existence of Similar Leptospira Serovars among Dog Keepers and Their Respective Dogs in Mwanza, Tanzania, the Need for a One Health Approach to Control Measures

Alterações clínico-patológicas, diagnóstico sorológico e molecular em cães com suspeita de leptospirose

Serological evidence of exposure of healthy dogs to Leptospira in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

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