Existence of Similar Leptospira Serovars among Dog Keepers and Their Respective Dogs in Mwanza, Tanzania, the Need for a One Health Approach to Control Measures

Msemwa, Betrand; Mirambo, Mariam M.; Silago, Vitus; Samson, Juma M; Majid, Khadija S.; Mhamphi, Ginethon G.; Genchwere, Joseph M.; Mwakabumbe, Subira S.; Mngumi, Elifuraha B.; Mgode, Georgies; Mshana, Stephen E.

doi:10.3390/pathogens10050609

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…In comparison with the observation made in a previous study which reported a prevalence of 38.0% in sheep in Morogoro, Tanzania [20], probably due to a small number of sheep in the Morogoro study areas, most of these animals are imported from the outside the island and are used as a source of meat consumption. In dogs, the results showed that 26.25% were seropositive Leptospira antibodies, the results are in agreement with the study by Msemwa et al [11] in Mwanza, Tanzania in which the seropositivity was 16.1%. This could be justified by the fact that this study included a cluster (farmers and livestock keepers) of a higher risk for Leptospira than those enrolled in the previous study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Furthermore, it is estimated that Zanzibar has 8095 dogs, found in Kaskazini 'A' (1810), Kaskazini 'B' (476), Kusini (1080), Kati (1865), Magharibi 'A' (229), Magharibi 'B' (341), Micheweni (346), Wete (736), Chakechake (260) and Mkoani (952) [7]. Findings from previous studies from Tanzania have shown that leptospiral infection is very common in domesticated and wild animals, rats, shrews, and people in several regions of the country [2,[8][9][10][11]. Moreover, serovars circulating in Tanzania reported in rodents, shrews, and domestic animals were identified as Sokoine, Lora, Kenya, Grippotyphosa, Hebdomadis, Pomona, and Canicola [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seropositivity of Leptospira in rodents, shrews, and domestic animals in Unguja, Tanzania

et al. 2023

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Background: Leptospirosis is one of the most commonly neglected zoonoses in developing nations including Tanzania. This study aims to find out the seroprevalence of leptospirosis in rodents, shrews, and domestic animals in different regions in Unguja Island, Tanzania. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out from January to April 2022. The blood samples were collected from rodents and shrews (n=248), cattle (n=247), goats (n=130), sheep (n=32), and dogs (n=80). The blood samples were allowed to clot in a slanted position and serum samples were harvested. A microscopic agglutination test (MAT) was performed on the sera to check for leptospiral antibodies using five Leptospira serovars as antigens (Sokoine, Lora, Pomona, Grippotyphosa and Hebdomadis). Results: The overall seropositivity of leptospiral antibodies was 9.68% in rodents and shrews, 14.57% in cattle, 10.01% in goats, 31.25% in sheep, and 26.25% in dogs. The seropositivity of Leptospira varied significantly with animal species (OR=1.9, 95 % CI:1.1-3.3, p=0.03). The most frequently detected serovar was Sokoine (27.89%), followed by Pomona (19.47%), Lora (18.26%), Grippotyphosa (17.98%), and Hebdomadis (8.16%), respectively. Conclusion: Our study suggests that further research should be conducted to find out factors of high seropositivity of leptospiral in Unguja. Vaccination of domestic animals with vaccines against local Leptospira strains should be encouraged, and rodent control and public awareness should be emphasized.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seropositivity of Leptospira in rodents, shrews, and domestic animals in Unguja, Tanzania

et al. 2023

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“…Canine leptospirosis was also not associated with the owners’ educational and occupational backgrounds. Several studies have demonstrated that a higher education level significantly encouraged a positive attitude and better preventative practices towards leptospirosis as a zoonotic disease in humans [ 57 , 58 ]. Therefore, it may be logical to assume that a similar association also exists between an owner’s education level and attitude towards veterinary prevention against canine leptospirosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Landscape, Socioeconomic, and Meteorological Risk Factors for Canine Leptospirosis in Urban Sydney (2017–2023): A Spatial and Temporal Study

Lu,

Griebsch,

Norris

et al. 2023

Veterinary Sciences

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Leptospirosis is a potentially fatal zoonotic disease caused by infection with pathogenic Leptospira spp. We described reported clinical cases of canine leptospirosis in the council areas of the Inner West and the City of Sydney, Australia, from December 2017 to January 2023 and tested the association with urban spatial (landscape and socioeconomic factors, community seroprevalence, and urban heat island effect) and temporal (precipitation and minimum and maximum temperature) factors and the cases using log-transformed Poisson models, spatially stratified population-adjusted conditional logistic models, General Additive Models (GAMs), and Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models. The results suggested that canine leptospirosis is now endemic in the study area. A longer distance to the nearest veterinary hospital (RR 0.118, 95% CI −4.205–−0.065, p < 0.05) and a mildly compromised Index of Economic Resources (IER) (RR 0.202, 95% CI −3.124–−0.079, p < 0.05) were significant protective factors against leptospirosis. In areas proximal to the clinical cases and seropositive samples, the presence of tree cover was a strong risk factor for higher odds of canine leptospirosis (OR 5.80, 95% CI 1.12–30.11, p < 0.05). As the first study exploring risk factors associated with canine leptospirosis in urban Sydney, our findings indicate a potential transmission from urban green spaces and the possibility of higher exposure to Leptospira—or increased case detection and reporting—in areas adjacent to veterinary hospitals.

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Leptospirosis in humans and selected animals in Sub-Saharan Africa, 2014–2022: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Gizamba,

Mugisha

2023

BMC Infect Dis

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Background Leptospirosis is an emerging neglected tropical zoonotic disease of public health importance causing substantial morbidities and mortalities among humans. The infection is maintained within the population through interactions between humans, animals, and the environment. Understanding the burden of disease in both humans and animals is necessary for effective prevention and control in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Therefore, we aimed to determine the seroprevalence of leptospirosis in humans, selected domestic animals, and rodents in SSA. Methods A comprehensive search was done in six databases: Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, CINAHL, Web of Science, and African Journals Online databases for articles published between 01 January 2014 and 30 August 2022. Thirty-seven articles distributed across 14 out of 46 countries in SSA were included. The random effects meta-analysis model was used to pool the extracted seroprevalence data. Results The overall pooled seroprevalence of leptospirosis among humans was 12.7% (95% CI: 7.5,20.8), 15.1% (95% CI: 9.4,23.5), and 4.5% (95% CI: 0.4, 35.6) based on results obtained using ELISA, MAT, and PCR diagnostic methods respectively. The pooled seroprevalence estimates among cattle were 29.2%, 30.1%, and 9.7% based on ELISA, MAT, and PCR respectively. Further, the pooled seroprevalence in goats was 30.0% for studies that used MAT, and among rodents, the pooled seroprevalence estimates were 21.0% for MAT and 9.6% for PCR diagnostic criteria. The seroprevalence of leptospirosis varied extensively between studies, across SSA regions and study setting (rural or urban). Conclusion Leptospirosis is widespread in SSA in both humans and animals based on the current results of the pooled seroprevalence in the limited studies available. The burden is high in animals and humans and underestimated due to limited studies and challenges with limited diagnostic capacity in most healthcare settings in SSA. Hence, we recommend that leptospirosis should be listed as a disease of concern and be included on the list of routine diagnostics among patients presenting with febrile illness in healthcare settings. Further, we recommend the enhancement of surveillance of leptospirosis in all countries in SSA and the development of strategies with a One Health perspective to effectively prevent and control leptospirosis.

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Existence of Similar Leptospira Serovars among Dog Keepers and Their Respective Dogs in Mwanza, Tanzania, the Need for a One Health Approach to Control Measures

Cited by 4 publications

References 28 publications

Seropositivity of Leptospira in rodents, shrews, and domestic animals in Unguja, Tanzania

Seropositivity of Leptospira in rodents, shrews, and domestic animals in Unguja, Tanzania

Landscape, Socioeconomic, and Meteorological Risk Factors for Canine Leptospirosis in Urban Sydney (2017–2023): A Spatial and Temporal Study

Leptospirosis in humans and selected animals in Sub-Saharan Africa, 2014–2022: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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