Prospective study of ocular and periocular diseases in animals: 188 cases

Abstract

Histopathology of the ocular and periocular tissues submitted for diagnosis and research is still incipient in Brazil, in contrast to veterinary clinical ophthalmology. In this study, ocular and periocular tissues from domestic and wild animal species, mainly from the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, were evaluated between February 2012 and September 2015. The samples were analyzed grossly and microscopically. Histochemistry and immunohistochemistry were performed on some of the samples. The frequency, type of ocular alteration, affected animal species, and affected ocular or periocular tissues were recorded. One hundred eighty-eight ocular and periocular tissues from domestic and, occasionally, wild animals were examined. Nine animals presented two concurrent alterations, adding up to 197 alterations. Proliferative lesions were the most frequent (92), followed by traumatic (43), inflammatory (37), degenerative (18), developmental (4) and vascular/hemorrhagic diseases (3). The globe was the most affected structure (112), followed by eyelids (52), third eyelid (17), bulbar conjunctiva (14) and retrobulbar region (2). Neoplasms arising from periocular tissues were the most frequent alteration (60), possibly related to a more active surgical service and histopathologic evaluation request. Many animals presented ocular lesions that reflected systemic diseases, which were diagnosed by necropsy and examination of other organs. Particularly in cases of neoplasia, early detection and surgical treatment can prevent systemic involvement. Ocular histopathologic evaluation can provide better characterization and prognosis of the clinical-pathological condition of the patient as well.

Case study on the clinical and anatomopathological descriptions of dog with primary uveal lymphoma

“…Thus, the importance of complementary eye exams in the clinical routine is emphasized for early diagnosis and, consequently, not compromising conservative and surgical therapeutic options (Rodriguez et al, 2017;Moreira et al, 2018). Due to the high cost of more sophisticated diagnostic methods such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (Oriá et al, 2015), the diagnosis for the current case was based on the patient's clinical symptoms, measurement of intraocular pressure and ocular ultrasound, which provided consistent and reliable data for prognosis and therapeutic choice (Grahn et al, 2006;Rodriguez et al, 2017).…”

Sports ball projectile ocular trauma in dogs

“…15 Sports ball related ocular trauma presenting with hyphema was a common presentation to human emergency departments. 18,19 Hyphema may be the most important common finding, as human studies found it was a common condition that led to diminution of vision. 7,10 A study in dogs found that trauma was the most common individual cause of hyphema (26.1% of dogs), with a reported 88.2% of blunt trauma cases losing vision and 100% of cases of complete hyphema losing vision.…”

“…These findings were similar to a human study that recorded injuries from various sports, diagnosing 24.3% of cases with hyphema and 10.7% of cases with subconjunctival hemorrhage 15 . Sports ball related ocular trauma presenting with hyphema was a common presentation to human emergency departments 18,19 . Hyphema may be the most important common finding, as human studies found it was a common condition that led to diminution of vision 7,10 .…”

Central Blindness Associated with a Pituitary Adenoma in a Mare

“…Upon investigating the causes of blindness, the neural visual pathway should be investigated to evaluate the causes and consequences of injuries [15,23]. Sending eye globes and periocular tissues for histopathology in the diagnostic routine in Brazil is still an incipient practice that needs to be encouraged [5,10]. In the case reported, a marked demyelination in the optic tract and neuronal death in the lateral geniculate nucleus were found, which explains the clinical presentation of blindness.…”