Assessment of Propolis Treated by Different Extraction Methods

Abstract

Propolis is a valuable bee product with rich phenolic compound content. Extraction procedures play an important role for the final composition of propolis and determine its properties. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different extraction techniques (maceration, ultrasound and microwave applications) and different solvents (ethanol and water) on some phenolic groups and antioxidant properties of propolis. The extraction of propolis was done by different solvents (70% ethanol and water) with ratio of 1/20 (w/v) propolis/solvent. After applications of these treatments chemical analyses as total phenolic compounds, total flavanol, tartaric ester content and antioxidant activities were performed. The highest antioxidant activity were determined in samples subjected to ultrasound application, whereas using of microwave-assisted extraction method lead to higher content of total phenolic compounds, total flavanol content and tartaric esters concentration. The results demonstrated the importance of used extraction techniques on propolis composition and consequently on its possible medical properties. These results demonstrated that the extraction of bioactive compounds in propolis could be optimized and properly used for healthy properties.

Determination of Antioxidant Activity, Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents of Malaysian Stingless Bee Propolis Extracts

“…Propolis cannot be used in its raw form and thus must be purified and extracted using suitable solvents to remove the inert substance while preserving the polyphenol compounds (Galeotti et al, 2018). Furthermore, extraction techniques and type of solvents used play a significant role in determining the phytochemical components responsible for the biological activities of the propolis (Yıldırım, 2022). Results from this study indicate that EEP contained higher TPC and TFC than WEP.…”

Comparison of Protective Effect of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of Propolis against Gastric Ulceration in Rats

“…In the related study, the TPC and TFC values of the extracts made with different percentages of ethanol were higher than those of the aqueous extract [10] . Kalkan Yıldırım used 70 % ethanol (v/v) and pure water to show how ultrasound‐assisted extraction, microwave‐assisted extraction, and maceration extraction affected some bioactive compounds in propolis [11] . Among all alternatives, ethanol extracts exhibited the highest levels of TPC, TFC, and % antioxidant activity [11,12] …”

“…[10] Kalkan Yıldırım used 70 % ethanol (v/v) and pure water to show how ultrasound-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, and maceration extraction affected some bioactive compounds in propolis. [11] Among all alternatives, ethanol extracts exhibited the highest levels of TPC, TFC, and % antioxidant activity. [11,12] According to the literature, DPPH radical scavenging activity, which is a common, rapid, simple, and affordable assay among other bioassays, is often used to determine the antioxidant capacity.…”

“…[11] Among all alternatives, ethanol extracts exhibited the highest levels of TPC, TFC, and % antioxidant activity. [11,12] According to the literature, DPPH radical scavenging activity, which is a common, rapid, simple, and affordable assay among other bioassays, is often used to determine the antioxidant capacity. [13] In this study, the situation associated with TPC and TFC was the same for DPPH activity.…”

Do ultrasonic field effects upon the polyphenolics profile of propolis extracts improve their antioxidant and antimicrobial activity?

“…2 ), synergistically with the higher ethanol concentration. The Yildirim studies [46] , focused on polyphenolics extraction from propolis by maceration, US, and microwaves with variable ethanol concentrations, emphasized samples grouping according to solvent nature, but not based on operating conditions. PCA study of Oroian et al [43] reported sample grouping by harvest year and, for some cases, by extraction time.…”