Dermatite alérgica à picada de Culicoides em muar: relato de caso

Abstract

 RESUMOA dermatite alérgica à picada de ectoparasitos é uma enfermidade alergoparasitária bastante comum entre animais domésticos, sendo relatada principalmente em pequenos ruminantes e em animais de companhia. Contudo, a doença é pouco diagnosticada na clínica de equídeos devido a similaridades nosológicas com outras dermatopatias. Objetivou-se, com este relato de caso, descrever a síndrome clínica, o plano diagnóstico e a conduta terapêutica de um muar acometido por essa enfermidade. Atendeu-se, no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal Rural do Pernambuco, uma mula de oito anos de idade, que apresentava lesões cutâneas pápulo-crostosas e pruriginosas com evolução clínica de dois anos. Em três situações anteriores, a doença havia sido tratada como dermatite fúngica por outros médicos veterinários. Para o diagnóstico, foram solicitados exame citopatológico e parasitológico de pele, cultivo bacteriológico e fúngico, análise histopatológica e hemograma. Os exames demonstraram uma dermatite superficial perivascular eosinofílica crônica, sendo indicada a terapia tópica com dimetilsufóxido, sulfadiazina, ureia e vitamina A. O protocolo terapêutico mostrou-se satisfatório, permitindo completa remissão do quadro clínico. Este trabalho relatou achados clínicos e patológicos da dermatite alérgica à picada de Culicoides spp. em muar, além de alertar sobre a importância de exames complementares para a realização do diagnóstico diferencial e para o direcionamento terapêutico adequado. Palavras-chave: dermatopatias, alergia, ectoparasitos, equídeos ABSTRACT Allergic dermatitis to ectoparasite bites is a common parasitic disease among domestic animals

Allergic Dermatitis in Pêga Breed Donkeys (Equus asinus) Caused by Culicoides Bites in the Amazon Biome, Pará, Brazil

“…The macroscopic lesions such as areas of alopecia, rough and thickened skin, edema, crust formation, and serosanguinous exudation observed in the present study are associated with the clinical and epidemiological findings, indicating that the disease is seasonal allergic dermatitis. This is similar to the condition described in sheep, horses, and mules in other regions of Brazil [10,11,37].…”

“…The clinical signs such as restlessness, intense itching, and biting of skin lesions exhibited by the donkeys were similar to those found in donkeys in Israel [33]. Similar clinical findings have been reported in horses [11,34,35], mules [10], and sheep [7,9,11,36]. The injuries found in the distal region of the limbs were the most noticeable during clinical examination, as these wounds were caused by self-mutilation due to itching.…”

“…Additionally, weight loss, ocular discharge, and in some cases, keratitis with corneal opacity have been observed. These conditions can lead to mutilation, infection, and secondary myiasis owing to skin lesions [5][6][7][8][9][10][11].…”

Skin Diseases in Donkeys and Mules—An Update

“…Hypersensitivity to mosquito bites in general are progressive lesions starting with papules and crusts, accompanied by alopecia and erythema and may progress to ulceration. Mixed and perivascular dermatitis occurs with hyperplasia, orthokeratosis, crusts, edema, hyperkeratosis in follicles and hyperplasia of adnexal glands [ 27 , 28 , 48 ]. Typically, the disease manifests itself as chronic and itchy in character, particularly in the periocular region and external auditory canal, extending to the neck, back, abdomen, tail and limbs.…”

“…A case of allergic dermatitis to a Culicoides bite was reported in the state of Pernambuco, characterized by crusted papule and pruritic skin lesions with a clinical progression of two years. A very important finding highlighted in this study was the difficult clinical diagnosis due to similarities with other equid dermatopathies [ 48 ].…”