Ocular manifestations of leishmaniasis in a cat: first case report from Brazil

Madruga, Gabriela Morais; Ribeiro, Alexandre Pinto; Ruiz, Thaís; Sousa, Valéria Régia Franco; Campos, Camila Gonçalves de; Almeida, Arleana B.P.F.; Pescador, Caroline Argenta; Dutra, Valéria

doi:10.1590/1678-4162-9244

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…2). Leishmania amastigotes infecting mainly macrophages, and sporadically neutrophils, of the host can be found in various tissues such as lymph nodes, bone marrow, peripheral blood, skin, mucous membranes, and the eyes (Schubach et al 2004;Souza et al 2005;Bresciani et al 2010;Coelho et al 2010Coelho et al , 2011aVides et al 2011;Sobrinho et al 2012;Metzdorf et al 2017;Madruga et al 2018;Marcondes et al 2018;Carneiro et al 2020). Usually, the diagnosis begins with an anamnesis, regarding the geographical area where the animal lives, the risk of exposure to sand flies, use of repellents, etc.…”

Section: Diagnostic Methods For Felmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some studies use molecular analyses only to discriminate parasite species after a positive serological or parasitological test result, using cPCR (Coelho et al 2010(Coelho et al , 2011aOliveira et al 2015b;Madruga et al 2018;Marcondes et al 2018;Rocha et al 2019;Costa-Val et al 2020), qPCR (Vides et al 2011;Sobrinho et al 2012;Benassi et al 2017) and less frequently PCR-RFLP (PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism) (Dahroug et al 2010;Metzdorf et al 2017). In Brazil, the most prevalent species diagnosed by molecular methods both domestic and wild cats is L. infantum (Coelho et al 2010;Dahroug et al 2010;Vides et al 2011;Sobrinho et al 2012;Metzdorf et al 2017).…”

Section: Diagnostic Methods For Felmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, corneal edema or perforation, ulcerative or nonulcerative keratitis with intense neovascularization, and conjunctivitis have been described. Cases with exclusively ocular manifestations and the presence of pseudotumors in the iris have also been recently reported both in Brazil and in Europe (Madruga et al 2018;Fernandez-Gallego et al 2020).…”

Section: Fel Pathogenesis and Clinical Signsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Epidemiological and diagnostic aspects of feline leishmaniasis with emphasis on Brazil: a narrative review

et al. 2021

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Section: Diagnostic Methods For Felmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Diagnostic Methods For Felmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fel Pathogenesis and Clinical Signsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Epidemiological and diagnostic aspects of feline leishmaniasis with emphasis on Brazil: a narrative review

et al. 2021

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“…In cats, the leishmaniasis has already been reported in South America (Bonfante-Garrido et al, 1996), in North America (Trainor et al, 2010), in the Middle East (Solano-Gallego et al, 2007) and in Europe (Grevot et al, 2005;Pocholle et al, 2012). In Brazil, cases have already been described in the States of Minas Gerais (Passos et al, 1996), Rio de Janeiro (Figueiredo et al, 2008), Mato Grosso do Sul (Souza et al, 2009), São Paulo (Costa et al, 2010), Pernambuco (Silva et al, 2014), Mato Grosso (Madruga et al, 2018), Tocantins (Sousa et al, 2019), and Pará (Carneiro et al, 2020). Although the clinical disease is relatively uncommon, the most frequent clinical signs of feline leishmaniasis (FeL) are skin and/or mucocutaneous lesions and lymphadenomegaly caused by species such as Leishmania mexicana, L. venezuelensis, L. braziliensis, L. amazonensis and L. infantum (Bonfante-Garrido et al, 1996;Souza et al, 2009;Pocholle et al, 2012;Pennisi et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Natural Infection by Leishmania infantum in domestic cats (Felis catus) in a municipality of moderate transmission in the Brazilian semi-arid region

Silva

Portela

Arruda

et al. 2020

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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The main clinical, anatomopathological, and molecular aspects of the infection by Leishmania infantum are described in two cats with multicentric cutaneous, nodular, and ulcerated lesions. The animals were submitted to a clinical examination, followed by serological, molecular and parasitological exams, with culture and isolation of the parasite, and subsequent isoenzymatic characterization. The animals were euthanized and necropsied. Case 1 was an adult, female, mixed-bred stray cat. Case 2 was an adult, male, mixed-bred and domiciled cat. Both were positive for the presence of anti-L. infantum antibodies. In the cytology of the cutaneous nodules and lymph nodes, amastigote forms of Leishmania spp. could be visualized, free and in the interior of the macrophages. In the histopathology, the lesions were characterized by nodular granulomatous and/or ulcerative dermatitis, associated to amastigote forms of Leishmania spp. By means of the polymerase chain reaction, the sequence of the L. infantum kDNA minicircle was amplified. It is concluded that the infection by L. infantum occurs in cats in the State of Paraíba, Northeast region of Brazil and the need to understand the immunological profile of the visceral leishmaniasis in the feline population is highlighted with aimed at the control measures in public health.

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“…Several Leishmania spp. can infect cats ( Leishmania infantum , Leishmania mexicana , Leishmania venezuelensis , Leishmania tropica, Leishmania major, Leishmania amazonensis , and Leishmania braziliensis ), and L. infantum is the species most frequently reported in both dogs and cats in countries of the Mediterranean region (henceforth ‘Mediterranean countries’), Central and South America, notably Brazil, and Iran [ 8 – 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review and statistical analysis of clinical management of feline leishmaniosis caused by Leishmania infantum

et al. 2022

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Background There is limited information about feline leishmaniosis (FeL) management in clinical practice. Leishmania infantum is the species of Leishmania most frequently reported in both dogs and cats in countries of the Mediterranean region (henceforth ‘Mediterranean countries’), Central and South America, and Iran. This study was conducted to provide veterinary clinicians with an updated overview of evidence-based information on leishmaniosis in cats. Methods A review was performed using PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar and Web of Science. Case reports of FeL caused by L. infantum were sought for the period 1912 to 1 June 2021. Results Sixty-three case reports are included in this review. Fifty-nine out of the 63 cats were from Europe, mostly from Mediterranean countries (88.9%). Most of them were domestic short-haired cats (90%) with a mean age of 7.9 years, and had access to the outdoors (77.3%). Sixty-six percent of the cats had comorbidities, of which feline immunodeficiency virus infection was the most frequent (37.7%). Dermatological lesions (69.8%) was the most frequent clinical sign, and hyperproteinemia (46.3%) the most frequent clinicopathological abnormality. Serology was the most performed diagnostic method (76.2%) and was positive for 93.7% of cats. Medical treatment was applied in 71.4% of cats, and allopurinol was the most used drug (74.4%). Survival time was greater for treated cats (520 days; 71.4% of cats) than non-treated cats (210 days; 25.4%). Conclusions The majority of the cats had comorbidities, of which feline immunodeficiency virus was the most frequent. Dermatological lesions were frequently reported, and systemic clinical signs and clinicopathological abnormalities were also common. Serology may be useful for the diagnosis of FeL in clinical practice, and a positive titer of ≥ 1/40 may be a useful cut-off for sick cats. The reported treatments and dosages varied, but there was a good clinical response and longer survival in most of the cats treated with allopurinol monotherapy. Graphical abstract

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Ocular manifestations of leishmaniasis in a cat: first case report from Brazil

Cited by 6 publications

References 11 publications

Epidemiological and diagnostic aspects of feline leishmaniasis with emphasis on Brazil: a narrative review

Epidemiological and diagnostic aspects of feline leishmaniasis with emphasis on Brazil: a narrative review

Natural Infection by Leishmania infantum in domestic cats (Felis catus) in a municipality of moderate transmission in the Brazilian semi-arid region

Review and statistical analysis of clinical management of feline leishmaniosis caused by Leishmania infantum

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