Serum concentrations of acute phase proteins and immunoglobulins of calves with rotavirus diarrhea

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to characterize changes in acute phase protein levels according to the occurrence of rotavirus diarrhea in calves in the first month of life. Blood and fecal samples were taken before colostrum intake and at 1, 2, 7, 15, 21 and 30 days of age from 24 Holstein calves allotted in three experimental groups: calves that did not present diarrhea (group A), calves that presented diarrhea, but tested negative for rotavirus in feces (group B), and calves that presented diarrhea and tested positive for rotavirus in feces (group C) (experiment 1). When the animals presented episodes of diarrhea, blood and fecal samples were taken at 24-hour intervals until the end of clinical signs (experiment 2). Serum proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE technique and rotavirus in feces was detected by PAGE. Data of experiment 1 were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's test, considered significant at P<0.05. Data of experiment 2 were subjected to the HSD test. Total protein, globulins, and IgG concentrations were lower in group C than in groups A and B. Ceruloplasmin and transferrin levels were higher in group C than in groups A and B. Serum concentrations of haptoglobin and α 1 -acid glycoprotein did not differ significantly between groups throughout the experimental period. Calves presented diarrhea between 10.4 and 14.6 days of age in group B, and between 10.3 and 14.6 days of age in group C. In the moments of diarrhea manifestation, least square means of IgA, haptoglobin and α 1 -acid glycoprotein concentrations did not differ significantly between groups B and C, but ceruloplasmin and transferrin concentrations were higher in group C than in group B, as opposed to what occurred with IgG levels. These findings show that optimizing passive immunity transfer of immunoglobulins decrease the likelihood of calves developing diarrhea caused by rotavirus. In addition, ceruloplasmin presents characteristics of a biomarker of rotavirus infection in calves.Keywords: bovine rotavirus, bovine neonatal diarrhea, serum proteinogram, ceruloplasmin RESUMO O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar alterações nos teores de proteínas de fase aguda de acordo com a ocorrência de diarreia por rotavírus em bezerros no decorrer do primeiro mês de vida. Amostras de sangue e fezes de 24 bezerros da raça Holandesa foram coletadas antes da ingestão de colostro e com um, dois, sete, quinze, vinte um e trinta dias de idade, sendo os bezerros alocados em três grupos: bezerros que não apresentaram diarreia (grupo A), bezerros que apresentaram diarreia, mas foram negativos para a detecção de rotavírus nas fezes (grupo B) e bezerros que apresentaram diarreia e foram positivos para detecção de rotavírus nas fezes (grupo C) (experimento 1). Sempre que os animais apresentavam episódio de diarreia, amostras de sangue e fezes eram coletadas em intervalos de 24 horas até o término dos sinais clínicos (experimento 2). As proteínas séricas foram separadas por meio da técnica de SDS-PAGE e a pesquisa de

Risk factors for morbidity in 1- to 9-day-old dairy calves following caustic paste disbudding

“…In this study, we investigated the relationships between disbudding, ITPI, STP, haptoglobin concentrations, and health outcomes of young dairy heifer calves. Similar to past research, our results demonstrated that calves are more likely to get sick, particularly with diarrhea, as they grow older (Rocha et al, 2016;Urie et al, 2018). Similar to past work, we also noted that calves with lower STP concentrations were more likely to develop an illness in their first week of life than those with higher values (Urie et al, 2018;Cortese et al, 2020).…”

“…Similar to research examining diarrhea in weaned calves (Chae et al, 2019), we showed that haptoglobin concentrations had a positive relationship with adverse health outcomes (diarrhea and sickness) in this study; however, we only detected this 3 d after disbudding, with no association detected 7 d after. In contrast, Rocha et al (2016) did not detect differences in haptoglobin concentrations in calves with diarrhea versus healthy calves. Although our study was not powered to detect a difference in haptoglobin concentrations between healthy and unhealthy calves, we had a larger sample size than Rocha et al (2016), which may explain this discrepancy.…”

“…In contrast, Rocha et al (2016) did not detect differences in haptoglobin concentrations in calves with diarrhea versus healthy calves. Although our study was not powered to detect a difference in haptoglobin concentrations between healthy and unhealthy calves, we had a larger sample size than Rocha et al (2016), which may explain this discrepancy. However, the current study's lack of power could also explain why we were unable to detect an association between haptoglobin concentrations and illness 7 d after disbudding.…”

Effects of transportation on cattle health and production: a review

“…It has anti-inflammatory properties and has potential as an indicator of infection (Murata et al ., 2004) The metalloenzyme concentration is correlated with the serum copper concentration and has been suggested as a useful indicator of nutritional copper status for cattle (Pourjafar and Dehkordi, 2008). Investigations of events with infectious etiologies have found significant increases in young calves (<30 days of age) clinically infected with rotavirus (Rocha et al ., 2016). One study found that there was a 28% increase in ceruloplasmin concentration at 7 days after shipment in one experiment; a 48% increase occurred during the 21-day post-transport period in another experiment (Arthington et al ., 2003).…”

Influence of selenium administration to dry cows on selected biochemical and immune parameters of their offspring

“…Ceruloplasmin is one of plasma proteins and has the ability to bind up to 95% of circulating copper. It is considered to be an acute phase protein, although determination of its concentration is not so often used in the diagnosis of ruminant diseases as concentration of haptoglobin or serum amyloid A (Rocha et al, ). However, some authors emphasize the important diagnostic significance of this parameter in the monitoring of inflammation process in cattle (Sheldon, Noakes, Rycroft, & Dobson, ).…”