Urinary creatinine as a nutritional and urinary volume marker in sheep fed with tropical or temperate forages

David, Diego Bitencourt de; Poli, César Henrique Espírito Candal; Savian, Jean Víctor; Amaral, Guilherme Pires; Azevedo, Eduardo Bohrer de; Jochims, Felipe

doi:10.1590/1678-4162-7759

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In this method, total urine volume was estimated based on daily creatinine excretion, due to the close relationship between body mass and creatinine excretion. An average of 9.79 mg/kg BW for creatinine excretion was used for total urine volume estimated as previously found for sheep (David et al ., 2015). Thereafter, the total excretion of allantoin and uric acid was calculated from estimated daily urine output and determined metabolite concentrations.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of liquid protein feed on growth performance and ruminal metabolism of growing lambs fed low-quality forage and compared to conventional protein sources

et al. 2019

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The present study was conducted to assess the inclusion of liquid protein feed (maize steep liquor; MSL) in growing lambs fed low-quality forage (400 g/kg wheat straw, dry mater basis) compared with two protein sources (soybean meal; SBM, and cottonseed meal; CSM). Eighteen male Farahani lambs, average body weight 36 ± 3.3 kg, were allocated to individual pens for 9 weeks. Three protein sources were: (1) MSL; (2) SBM and (3) CSM. Feed intakes did not differ among treatments. Growth rate and feed conversion ratio were improved in SBM-fed lambs. Nitrogen efficiency was improved in MSL v. CSM-fed lambs. Digestibility of fibre was enhanced in lambs fed SBM diet. Ruminal short chain fatty acid was highest in lambs fed SMB and lowest in lambs fed CSM. The urinary allantoin concentration was greater in SBM-fed lambs, with improved microbial crude protein synthesis. Blood urea nitrogen tended to be reduced in SBM-fed lambs. Dressing percentage improved in SBM-fed lambs. Lambs fed with SBM also grew faster and more efficiently than lambs fed either of the other two diets. However, regardless of the positive effects of SBM on the performance and ruminal fermentation profile observed in the current study, the MSL diet could be a profitable protein source in comparison to CSM in growing lambs fed low-quality forage. In conclusion, the present study indicates a positive outlook for feeding a liquid protein source to growing lambs fed low-quality forage such as wheat straw.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of liquid protein feed on growth performance and ruminal metabolism of growing lambs fed low-quality forage and compared to conventional protein sources

et al. 2019

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“…The use of PD and PDCindex as indicators of intestinal microbial protein flow is well established (Chen and Gomes, 1992;David et al, 2015). According to Fujihara and Shem (2011), most of the nucleic acids in ruminant diets are degraded and incorporated into microbial nucleic acid in the rumen.…”

Section: Purine Derivatives Are Strongly Correlated With Dmimentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary purine derivatives as a tool to estimate dry matter intake in cattle: A meta-analysis

Dórea

Danes

Zanton

et al. 2017

Journal of Dairy Science

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The objectives of this study were to investigate the relationship between dry matter intake (DMI) and urinary purine derivative (PD) excretion, to develop equations to predict DMI and to determine the endogenous excretion of PD for beef and dairy cattle using a meta-analytical approach. To develop the models, 62 published studies for both dairy (45 studies) and beef cattle (17 studies) were compiled. Twenty models were tested using DMI (kg/d) and digestible DMI (dDMI, kg/d) as response variables and PD:creatinine (linear term: PD:C, and quadratic term: PD:C), allantoin:creatinine (linear term: ALLA:C, and quadratic term: ALLA:C), metabolic body weight (BW, kg), milk yield (MY, kg/d), and their combination as explanatory variables for dairy and beef (except for MY) cattle. The models developed to predict DMI for dairy cattle were validated using an independent data set from 2 research trials carried out at the University of Wisconsin (trial 1: n = 45; trial 2: n = 50). A second set of models was developed to estimate the endogenous PD excretion. In all evaluated models, the effect of PD (either as PD:C or ALLA:C) was significant, supporting our hypothesis that PD are in fact correlated with DMI. Despite the BW-independent relationship between PD and DMI, the inclusion of BW in the models with PD:C and ALLA:C as predictors slightly decreased the values of root mean square error (RMSE) and Akaike information criterion for the models of DMI. Our models suggest that both DMI and dDMI can be equally well predicted by PD-related variables; however, predicting DMI seems more useful from a practical and experimental standpoint. The inclusion of MY into the dairy models substantially decreased RMSE and Akaike information criterion values, and further increased the precision of the equations. The model including PD:C, BW, and MY presented greater concordance correlation coefficient (0.93 and 0.63 for trials 1 and 2, respectively) and lower RMSE of prediction (1.90 and 3.35 kg/d for trials 1 and 2, respectively) when tested in the validation data set, emerging as a potentially useful estimator of nutrient intake in dairy cows. Endogenous PD excretion was estimated by the intercept of the linear regression between DMI (g/kg of BW) and PD excretion (mmol/kg of BW) for beef (0.404 mmol/kg of BW) and dairy cattle (0.651 mmol/kg of BW). Based on the very close agreement between our results for beef cattle and the literature, the linear regression appears to be an adequate method to estimate endogenous PD excretion.

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“…However, the correction of dehydration, maintenance and of fluid losses such as vomiting and diarrhea must be precisely calculated to avoid fluid overload and worsening kidney function (20). In small animals, urinary output varies between 1 to 2 mL/Kg/hour after previous rehydration (26), although there's no specific references for sheep urinary output, one study described the urinary output of 16 ewes with 3 to 4.5 mL/kg/h (27), demonstrating that the sheep also had its values within the limits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intermittent Hemodialysis, an Alternative Treatment for Ovine With Acute-on-Chronic Kidney Disease.

Guimarães-Okamoto¹,

Albuquerque

Geraldes

et al. 2020

RVZ

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a syndrome composed of numerous comorbidities such as the failure of excretion of toxins and nitrogenous compounds from metabolism, as well as the failure to maintain endocrine, water, electrolyte and acid-base homeostasis in all mammals. As it is a non-regenerative and progressive disease, any endogenous or exogenous insults in the organ in question will lead to the intensification of all these mentioned disorders associated with decreased urinary output. Several studies in humans and animals recommend the use of renal replacement therapy, especially in those who already have CKD, and who are in uremic syndrome. This report aims to demonstrate that the use of intermittent hemodialysis (HI) in sheep is a therapeutic alternative in those in renal failure. A six-year-old Bergamasca sheep was presented with lateral decubitus, dyspnea, dark liquid diarrhea, apathy, anorexia and pulmonary crepitation on auscultation. Laboratory tests showed azotemia and electrolyte changes such as hypocalcemia, hypokalemia, hypochloremia, isosthenuria (1,012), pyuria, glycosuria, and a protein: creatinine ratio of 0.88. In ultrasonography, the real resistivity index was above 0.54, being suggestive of loss of renal perfusion. The treatment chosen consisted of electrolytic and fluid replacement, associated with HI. After HI, the sheep showed great clinical and laboratory improvement as expected, however, despite not having survived, the histopathological findings of the necropsy pointed out segments of glomerulosclerosis, thus reinforcing the hypothesis that the animal already had a CKD which was aggravated due to the association of hypovolemia, hypotension by anesthetic drugs and the indiscriminate use of NSAIDs. Despite the death of the sheep, HI again proved to be a therapy of rapid clinical and laboratory improvement of the patient compared to conventional clinical treatment, thus being an important treatment alternative for sheep with a high impact on reproduction, production, and research.

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Urinary creatinine as a nutritional and urinary volume marker in sheep fed with tropical or temperate forages

Cited by 14 publications

References 9 publications

Effects of liquid protein feed on growth performance and ruminal metabolism of growing lambs fed low-quality forage and compared to conventional protein sources

Effects of liquid protein feed on growth performance and ruminal metabolism of growing lambs fed low-quality forage and compared to conventional protein sources

Urinary purine derivatives as a tool to estimate dry matter intake in cattle: A meta-analysis

Intermittent Hemodialysis, an Alternative Treatment for Ovine With Acute-on-Chronic Kidney Disease.

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