Parasitic infections in tambaqui from eight fish farms in Northern Brazil

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the parasites and parasite-host relationship in Colossoma macropomum from eight fish farms in Amapá State, Northern Brazil. A total of 12,242,559 parasites were recovered from hosts in the eight fish farms, and 87.4% of fish were infected by one or more parasite species, such as Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Piscinoodinium pillulare, Trichodina sp. and Tetrahymena sp. (Protozoa), Anacanthorus spathulatus, Linguadactyloides brinkmanni, Mymarothecium boegeri and Notozothecium janauachensis (Monogenoidea), Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) inopinatus (Nematoda) and Perulernaea gamitanae and Braga patagonica (Crustacea). Ichthyophthirius multifiliis presented dominance, but the greatest levels of parasitism were caused by I. multifiliis, P. pilulare, monogenoideans species and P. gamitanae, and all these parasites had an aggregate dispersion. The eight fish farms have differences in the parasitic infection levels, management and water quality, which are further discussed here.Keywords: Colossoma macropomum, metazoans, parasites, protozoans, sanity RESUMO O presente estudo avaliou as infecções parasitárias e a relação parasito-hospedeiro em

<b><i>Braga nasuta</i> (Cymothoidae): an ectoparasite of the Giant Amazonian fish <i>Arapaima gigas</i> (Osteoglossidae) fingerlings cultured in the Amazon region in Northern Brazil

“…Dias, Neves, Marinho, and Tavares-Dias (2015) have observed B. patagonica on the dorsal region of C. macropomum causing loss of scales and tegument culminating in an inflammatory process. In contrast to that reported by Dias et al (2015), in the present study the parasites did prefer the ventral region of the host or close to pectoral fin and anus. No mortality was found due to the parasitic infestation.…”

“…Apart from the variations that occur in different fish stages like habit, parasitological indices herein observed were too low and were similar to that reported in tambaqui Colossoma macropomum parasitized by Braga patagonica (2.5% prevalence, intensity 1.0±0.2 and mean abundance 0.03) by Dias et al (2015). Brandão et al (2013) observed Braga cigarra from the buccal cavity of Galeocharax knerii captured from the Rivers Veados at 7.7% prevalence, Paranapanema at 31.7% prevalence and Taquari at 5.7% prevalence in Southeast Brazil.…”

Mebendazole dietary supplementation controls Monogenoidea (Platyhelminthes: Dactylogyridae) and does not alter the physiology of the freshwater fish Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier, 1818)

“…Disease outbreaks caused by monogeneans are well known in the literature such as in golden snapper (Lutjanus johni) (Seng and Seng, 1992), European eel (Anguilla Anguilla) (Buchmann and Bresciani, 1994), pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) (Martins et al, 2001), tiger puffer (Takifugu rubripes) (Hirazawa et al, 2000), rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli) Choi, 1998, 2000;Kim et al, , 2001 and C. macropomum (Morais et al, 2009;Dias et al, 2015).…”

“…In Brazil, Anacanthorus penilabiatus Boeger, Husak and Martins, 1995 was found to be parasitizing P. mesopotamicus (Martins et al, 2001;Jerônimo et al, 2014), Anacanthorus spiralocirrus Kritsky, Thatcher & Kayton, 1979 in Brycon amazonicus, (Andrade and Malta, 2006), Anacanthorus spathulatus in C. macropomum (Thatcher, 1991(Thatcher, , 2006Malta et al, 2001;Dias et al, 2015), Anacanthorus brevicirrus Monteiro et al, 2010 in Brycon orthotaenia (Monteiro et al, 2010). In this study, A. spathulatus was the most prevalent species in all treatments during the whole experiment.…”

“…In fish farms and cage C. macropomum has been found to be parasitized by the monogeneans Anacanthorus spathulatus, Kritsky, Thatcher & Kayton, 1979, Linguadactyloides brinkmanni Kritsky & Thatcher, 1903, Mymarothocium boegeri Cohen and Kohn (2005 and Notozotecium janauachensis Belmont-Jégu et al (2004) can be found in both wild and farmed fish populations (Thatcher, 1991;Malta et al, 2001;Morais et al, 2009;Dias et al, 2015).…”