Relação espacial entre o estojo córneo e a falange distal em éguas Campolina adultas com e sem obesidade

Abstract

Relação espacial entre o estojo córneo e a falange distal em éguas Campolina adultas com e sem obesidade[Spatial relationship between the hoof capsule and the distal phalanx in adult Campolina mares with and without obesity] RESUMOA laminite endocrinopática tem acometido um número crescente de equinos com sinais de obesidade. Em um estudo recente com fêmeas jovens (até cinco anos) da raça Campolina, demonstraram-se indícios de alterações no dígito, ainda discretas, aparentemente associadas ao aumento da adiposidade. Com a hipótese de que essa associação é mais evidente em animais em faixa etária superior, o objetivo do presente estudo foi estudar éguas adultas (acima de cinco anos) da raça Campolina com e sem obesidade, avaliando-se radiograficamente a relação espacial entre estojo córneo e falange distal. Foram utilizadas 27 éguas entre seis e 14 anos de idade, sendo analisadas variáveis de adiposidade e medidas radiográficas dos cascos dos membros torácicos de equinos com escore corporal de 5 a 7/9 (grupo controle) e de 8 a 9 (grupo obeso). Foram feitas comparações entre os grupos e correlacionaram-se as variáveis de adiposidade com variáveis casco. A distância de afundamento da falange distal foi cerca de 20% superior nas éguas obesas (12,3±2,5 contra 10,2±2,2mm no grupo controle). Esse parâmetro também correlacionou (P<0,01) com vários parâmetros de adiposidade, com destaque para o escore de condição corporal (r=0,47) e a circunferência de pescoço a 75% (r=0,42). Os resultados corroboram estudos prévios que demonstraram associação entre obesidade e indícios de separação entre falange distal e estojo córneo em equinos de raças nacionais, comprovando, assim, a utilidade da avaliação radiográfica nesses animais. Em conclusão, éguas da raça Campolina com obesidade possuem alterações evidentes na relação espacial entre estojo córneo e falange distal, que se intensificam com o aumento da idade e da adiposidade.Palavras-chave: equino, afundamento, laminite ABSTRACTIn a recent study with young females (up to 5 years old) of the Campolina breed, there were discrete indications of alterations in the digit, apparently associated to the increase in adiposity. With the hypothesis that this association is more evident in horses in the upper age group, the objective was to study Campolina adult mares (above 5 years) with and without obesity, evaluating radiographically the spatial relationship between the horn and distal phalanx. Eighteen mares between six and fourteen years and with a body score of 5 to 7/9 (Control Group) and 8 to 9 (Obeso Group) were used. Adiposity and radiographic measurements from the forelimbs were analyzed. Comparisons were made between groups and adiposity variables were correlated with hoof variables. The sinking distance of the distal phalanx was about 20% higher in obese mares (12.3±2.5 versus 10.2±2.2mm). This parameter also correlated (P< 0.01) with several adiposity parameters, with emphasis on body score condition (r= 0.47) and neck circumference at 75% (r= 0.42). In conclusion, Campolina ma...

Transmural Ultrasonography in the Evaluation of Horse Hoof Internal Structures: Comparative Quantitative Findings—Part 2

“…However, due to the interaction between ultrasound and the distal phalanx, it is impossible to detect its inclination and to estimate the ratios associated with palmar cortical length [11][12][13][14][15][16][17]19,44,46]. To overcome this limitation, the ratios between distances B:A, S:A, and, D:A, L:D and C:D at the proximal and distal levels were proposed to determine the spatial relationship of soft tissues and the distal phalanx.…”

“…Lateral-medial projections were taken using a portable veterinary X-ray equipment, generator MINXRAY ® HFX90V (MinXray, Inc., Northbrook, IL, USA), with 1.2 mAs-66 kv settings. The location and normal anatomy of the distal phalanx were determined by measuring angles and other relevant factors (radiological software Accuvet ® version 1.1.0 developed by RadmediX), with relevance to laminitis [11][12][13][14][15][16][17].…”

“…Digital radiography has been used to describe the normal position of the distal phalanx [11][12][13][14][15][16][17] and the layers of the hoof, but without differentiating the components of the parietal dermis [18,19]. However, advanced imaging diagnostic techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have made it possible to differentiate between the tubular wall and lamellar layer, as well as the lamellar layer and sublamellar dermis [14,19,20].…”

“…Determining the anatomical relationship between the distal phalanx and the hoof capsule is diagnostically valuable, and radiographic evaluation is routinely used to estimate distances, angulations, and proportions to determine normality and deviations [11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. However, ultrasonography has not traditionally been considered a routine diagnostic aid for this purpose [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32].…”