Identification of equine herpesvirus type 1 as cause of abortion in mares in Southern Brazil

Estima-Silva, Pablo; Riet-Correa, Franklin; Coelho, Ana Carolina Barreto; Echenique, Joanna V.Z.; Marcolongo-Pereira, Clairton; Lima, Marcelo de; Diel, Diego G.; Schild, Ana Lúcia

doi:10.1590/1678-4162-10430

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…Despite performing IHC to detect HVE-1 in fetal tissues in all cases, no positive result was observed. The low frequency of viral abortion in horses in southern Brazil was reported by Marcolongo-Pereira et al (2012) and Estima-Silva et al (2019), being possibly associated with the use of efficient vaccines (Schlafer 2004, Marcolongo-Pereira et al 2012.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Causes of abortion, stillbirth, and perinatal mortality in horses

et al. 2022

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Causes of abortion, stillbirth, and perinatal mortality in horses were investigated in the Department of Veterinary Pathology of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (SPV-UFRGS) from 2000 to 2015. In this period, 107 cases were analyzed using macroscopic, microscopic, and complementary tests. Of these, 77 were aborted fetuses, 16 were stillbirths, and 14 were perinatal deaths. Conclusive diagnosis was established in 42.8% of the fetuses analyzed, with 28.6% classified as infectious origin, 9.1% as non-infectious, and 5.1% as other. Bacterial infections, especially those related to Streptococcus spp. were the most frequently observed. In stillborn foals, diagnosis was established in 62.5% of cases, and 50% of these were related to non-infectious causes, such as dystocia and birth traumas. As for perinatal mortality, a conclusive diagnosis was reached in 78.57% of cases, and infectious causes associated with bacterial infections accounted for 64.1% of these diagnoses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Causes of abortion, stillbirth, and perinatal mortality in horses

et al. 2022

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“…Importantly, no samples from aborted fetuses were sent to our laboratory for diagnosis, and serology for EHV-1 was not performed and other non-viral etiologies could not be ruled out. However, several reports have demonstrated the presence of specific antibodies against EHV-1 in horses in Brazil (Alencar-Araripe et al 2014, Diaz et al 2015, Estima-Silva et al 2019 and further studies to investigate the possible association of different types of equine herpesviruses causing reproductive, respiratory, neurological and ophthalmic disorders, should be made in country.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another types of herpesvirus are known causing distinct diseases and clinical signs in horses: equid alphaherpesvirus 1 (EHV-1), genus Varicellovirus, causing abortions in mares and also keratoconjunctivitis, encephalomyelitis, and neonatal pneumonia (Léon et al 2008, Dubale 2017, Estima-Silva et al 2019, Dunuwille et al 2020; equid gammaherpesvirus 2 (EHV-2), genus Percavirus, that has been found in horses with keratoconjunctivitis, gastroesophageal ulcers, and chronic throat lesions (Agius & Studdert 1994, Kershaw et al 2001, Cicolo et al 2019, Taulescu et al 2021; equid alphaherpesvirus 4 (EHV-4), genus Varicellovirus, an important cause of acute and fatal rhinopneumonithis in fowls and occasionally associated with equine abortions (Crabb & Studdert 1995, Gerst et al 2003; and equid gammaherpesvirus 5 (EHV-5), genus Percavirus, the cause of a severe and progressive syndrome of pulmonary fibrosis in adult horses (Verryken et al 2010, Williams et al 2013, Marenzoni et al 2015, Gulati et al 2019. A sixth virus, equid alphaherpesvirus 9 (EHV-9), genus Varicellovirus can cause subclinical encephalitides in horses, but until to date the disease was described just under experimental conditions (Hussey et al 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equine coital exanthema caused by equid alphaherpesvirus 3: a report of an outbreak in northeastern Brazil

et al. 2021

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Equine coital exanthema is a venereal infectious disease poorly reported in horses in Brazil and was never described in the northeastern region of the country. This work aims to describe the clinical and pathological aspects of an outbreak of equine coital exanthema caused by equid alphaherpesvirus 3, occurred in a herd of horses at the semiarid region of the State of Rio Grande do Norte. Main clinical signs consisted of anorexia, hiporexia, fibrinous or purulent secretion in the penis mucosa and vagina. Two mares presented mild to minimal lesions that consisted of scars in the mucosa of the vagina and in the perivulvar region. In a stallion the disease consisted of severe, multifocal, umbilicated-exanthematous ulcers of approximately 1cm in diameter on the penis mucosa. Other areas where ulcers and crusts were focally observed included the skin of the scrotum and on the lips and mucocutaneous junctions of the oral cavity. Histologically, the main lesion consisted of multifocal severe ulcerative and fibrinous necrotizing balanoposthitis and mild multifocal necrotizing, lymphocytic dermatitis in the lips and scrotum. The equide alphaherpesvirus 3 DNA was amplified in blood samples and penis mucosa using the PCR technique. This is the first report of molecular diagnosis of equine coital exanthema affecting horses in northeastern Brazil. Further studies should be carried out in order to investigate the epidemiology and the importance of this herpetic disease in the country.

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“…Between 1994 and 2012, outbreaks occurred in southern Brazil. During this outbreak, one pregnant mare out of 50 had an abortion (Estima-Silva et al, 2019). The prevalence of EHV-1 in mares and foals was 26.2% by Stasiak et al (2020) describe an outbreak of abortions in Arabian mares at a well-managed State stud farm in Poland.…”

Section: The Equ Ine Herpe S Virus T Ype-1 (Ehv-1) Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Between 1994 and 2012, outbreaks occurred in southern Brazil. During this outbreak, one pregnant mare out of 50 had an abortion (Estima‐Silva et al, 2019). The prevalence of EHV‐1 in mares and foals was 26.2% and 11.4%, respectively, while the seropositivity for EHV‐1 was 52.48% in Turkey (Yildirim, et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of two viral agents of economic importance to the equine industry (equine herpesvirus‐1, and equine arteritis virus)

Mahmoud

Fouad

Amin

2022

Equine Veterinary Education

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Equine herpesvirus type-1 (EHV-1) and equine arteritis virus (EAV) are infectious agents that cause serious health risks to horse populations and are disbursed worldwide, which can lead to significant financial losses. In addition to being responsible for abortion and neonatal death, these viruses are associated with respiratory illness. Although previous research and reviews have been written on these viruses, both viruses still affect horse populations around the world and the vaccines currently available are not completely protective, especially against EHV-1 and equine herpes myeloencephalopathy (EHM).Moreover, EAV is considered a threat to the $102 billion equine industry in the United States. As a result, these viruses represent a huge threat to the horse industry and efforts geared towards preventing the outbreak of the disease are strongly encouraged.For this reason, updates about these viruses are necessary and require more and more discussion on the nature and characteristics of these viruses to know how to overcome them. Prevention and control of abortion and neonatal foal death caused by each of the two viruses depend on appropriate management strategies coupled with prophylactic vaccination. This review presents the latest detailed information on EHV-1 and EAV from several aspects such as transmission, clinical signs, pathogenesis, latest developments on the treatment of the diseases, vaccination, and finally challenges and future perspectives. The information presented herein will be useful in understanding EHV-1 and EAV and formulating policies that can help to limit the spread of these viruses within horse populations.

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Identification of equine herpesvirus type 1 as cause of abortion in mares in Southern Brazil

Abstract: Identification of equine herpesvirus type 1 as cause of abortion in mares in Southern Brazil [Identificação do herpesvirus equino tipo 1 como causa de abortos em éguas no sul do Brasil]

Cited by 5 publications

References 12 publications

Causes of abortion, stillbirth, and perinatal mortality in horses

Causes of abortion, stillbirth, and perinatal mortality in horses

Equine coital exanthema caused by equid alphaherpesvirus 3: a report of an outbreak in northeastern Brazil

Review of two viral agents of economic importance to the equine industry (equine herpesvirus‐1, and equine arteritis virus)

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